XYLEM

BY: NUR LIYANA BT ZAINOODIN 6BSN

 A complex tissue contain more than one type of cell

Xylem

Vascular tissue

A tissue that function as a tube/vessel enabling water and other substances(in solution) to move from one part to another part of plant

FUNCTION OF XYLEM: Transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the stems and leaves

XYLEM COMPRISES 4 TYPES OF CELL

TRACHEIDS

VESSEL ELEMENTS

XYLEM FIBRES (SCLERENCHYMA)

XYLEM PARENCHYMA

TRANCHEIDS AND XYLEM VESSEL ELEMENT

Trancheids and xylem vessel elements die on maturity

Their wall have been thickened with lignin deposits Prevents entry of food substances No organelles to block water flow

Provide mechanical support keep the plant upright

Have pits on their wall

Allow the lateral movement of water between trancheids and vessels The end of vessel end is open end

Tracheid differ from vessel elements in shape

Tracheid is longer but have smaller diameter than vessel elements The end of tracheid overlap with each other, forming a long tube which can facilitate the movement of water.

The end walls of tracheid have many bordered pits allow water pass through Pits membrane are permeable to water

PICTURE OF TRACEIDS

PIT PAIRS AND PIT MEMBRANE

PIT PAIRS pits in the wall of cell oppose the pits in

the adjacent cell wall Pit pairs are separated by PIT MEMBRANE

Made up of primary cell wall and middle lamella Permeable to water

PIT PAIRS AND PIT MEMBRANE

XYLEM VESSEL
Long tube made up of many vessel elements joined

together end-to-end The end of each vessel are open the cavity form a channel Vessels are more efficient in water transport compared to tracheid Water flowing from one tracheid to another has to pass through bordered pits-resistance to flow water. Flowering plants have both vessel and tracheids. Other plants only have tracheids to transport water.

 Parenchyma cell- the only living cells in the xylem

tissue

Store various type of food Form pith rays that connect the primary xylem to secondary xylem

TWO TYPE OF XYLEM TISSUE

Primary xylem

Secondary xylem

Formed first during the growth of a plant

Comprises protoxylem and metaxylem

Formed when secondary thickening occur as a result of vascular cambium division

Only occur in woody plants

SECONDARY XYLEM
Stiff and cannot be flexed
When the rate of elongation is high, the plant stem is

most flexible and spiral or annular thickening occur

If there is not much elongation, scalariform, reticulate

and pitted thickening occur.

(refer page 92-Oxford Fajar)