The

most intelligent device Human Brain. The machine that revolutionized the whole world computer. Inefficiencies of the computer has lead to the evolution of Artificial Neural Network

neural network is designed as an interconnected system of processing elements each with a limited numbers of input and output rather than being programmed these system learns to recognize pattern.

 Brain

is divided into two parts Left &

Right Left part rules, concepts & calculations. Follows Rule Based Learning so similar to Expert System. Right part picture, image, control. Follows Experience Based Learning so similar to Neural Network

 Size
No.

of neurons Process

 Humans

capability in real time visual perception, speech understanding and sensory task that implement in machine

 ANN

classified two types Recurrent Non recurrent

computer single processor sequentially dictate every piece of the action ANN very large number of processing elements that individually deals with a piece of a big problem
Conventional

Trained by learning example Memory & processing elements collocated Self organizing during learning Knowledge stored is adaptable Processing is anarchic Speed in millisecond

Programmed with instruction Memory & processing elements separate

Software dependent Knowledge stored in address memory Processing is autocratic Speed nanosecond

 Input

are summed and passed to a scaling function and decide which one pass first

 If

neurons receives an input from another neurons and if both highly active the weight between the neurons should be strengthened.

BACK

 If

the desired output and the input are both highly active or both inactive increment the connection weight by the learning rate otherwise decrement the weight by the learning rate.

 Neuron

Organized in the form of layer. Simple form, because network is feedforward or acyclic type.

 Present

more then one hidden layer are connect is called neurons or unit. If, the size of i/p layer is very large then hidden layer extracts higher order statistic which is valuable.

Teacher teaches n/w giving environment into form of i/p-o/p pre-calculated example. ANN observed i/p and compared predefine o/p. Difference is calculated refer as error signal.

 Is

involved in exploring environment because right input response available. System receive on i/p in environment and process o/p response.

 Self

origination learning because no external teacher. Tuned the regularities after optimized i/p.

We can recognition last encounter person using voice or smelling in tanning section or define particular class. Decision space is divided into region and region associated with class.

critical part of system are maintained by controller. Relevance of learning control should be supervising because after all the human brain is computer.

Info

being generated by the environment very with time. And also generate variation of environment network & never stop. This learning is celled continues learning or learning of fly.

 Training

example as possible that means i/p o/p mapping computed by network is correct. Many i/p o/p example end up memorized the training data. Finding future data but not finding true understanding function. Network over trained it losses the ability to generalize between similar i/p o/p.

 Several

Ann model available to chose in particular problem. They are very fast. Increase Accuracy ,result in cost saving. Represent any function ,there for they called universal approximation. Ann are able to learn representative example by back propagation error.

 LOW

LEARNING RATE: problem require large but complex network. FORGETFULL : forget old data and training new ones. IMPRECISION : not provide precise numerical answer. BLACK BOX APPROACH : we cant see physical part of training transfer data. LIMITED FLEXIBILITY : implemented only one system available.

 TIME

SERISE PREDICTION : 1.forcastin:sort time evolution. 2.Modelling :feature of long term. 3.charecterition: define fundamental properties. SPEECH GENERATION :it was training to pronounce writing English text. SPEECH RECOGNITION: speech convert into written text by markon model using some symbols. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NEVIGATION: this is vision based and robot guidance method.

 HAND

WRITING RECOGNITION: hidden layer are reduced free parameter and enhance provide by the writing. IN ROBOTICS FIELD : a device of AI which behave just like human.

At last I want to say that after 200 or 300 years neural networks is so developed that it can find the errors of even human beings and will be able to rectify that errors and make human being more intelligent.