Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

Chapter 10 Fluid Machinery

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Main Topics
Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines Turbomachinery Analysis Performance Characteristics Applications to Fuid Systems

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Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines

Positive Displacement Turbomachines
Radial-Flow (Centrifugal) Axial-Flow Mixed-Flow

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Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines

Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
Pumps Fans Blowers Compressors

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Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines

Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

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Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines

Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

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Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines

Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid
Hydraulic Turbines (Impulse and Reaction) Gas Turbines (Impulse and Reaction)

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Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines

Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid

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Turbomachinery Analysis
The Angular Momentum Principle

Apply to Control Volume:

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Turbomachinery Analysis
Euler Turbomachine Equation

Mechanical Power: Theoretical Head:

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Turbomachinery Analysis
Velocity Diagrams

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Turbomachinery Analysis
Example: Idealized Centrifugal Pump
Negligible torque due to surface forces (viscous and pressure). Inlet and exit flow tangent to blades. Uniform flow at inlet and exit. Zero inlet tangential velocity

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Turbomachinery Analysis
Example: Idealized Centrifugal Pump (Continued)
Head Equation: Shutoff Head:

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Turbomachinery Analysis
Example: Idealized Centrifugal Pump (Continued)

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Turbomachinery Analysis
Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
Hydraulic Power:

Pump Efficiency:
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Turbomachinery Analysis
Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid
Hydraulic Power:

Turbine Efficiency:

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Performance Characteristics
Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

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Performance Characteristics
Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid

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Performance Characteristics
Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed
Flow Coefficient:

Head Coefficient:

Power Coefficient:
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Performance Characteristics
Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed
Torque Coefficient:

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Performance Characteristics
Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed
Specific Speed: Specific Speed (Customary Units): Specific Speed (Customary Units):
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Performance Characteristics
Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

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Performance Characteristics
Similarity Rules
For Dynamic Similarity: and

so

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Applications to Fluid Systems

Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

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Applications to Fluid Systems

Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
Pump Wear

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Applications to Fluid Systems

Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
Pumps in Series

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Applications to Fluid Systems

Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
Pumps in Parallel

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Applications to Fluid Systems

Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
Fans, Blowers, and Compressors

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Applications to Fluid Systems

Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
Fans, Blowers, and Compressors

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Applications to Fluid Systems

Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
Fans, Blowers, and Compressors

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Applications to Fluid Systems

Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
Positive-Displacement Pumps

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Applications to Fluid Systems

Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
Propellers
Speed of Advance Coefficient:

Thrust, Torque, Power Coefficients, and Propeller Efficiency

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Applications to Fluid Systems

Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid
Hydraulic Turbines Wind-Power Machines

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