Anda di halaman 1dari 23

Lecture #1

By Mohsin Riaz

Data

Examples of Data Types of Data Examples of Information

Information

Difference b/w Data and Information Metadata File Processing System

Disadvantages of File Processing System

Database

Examples of Database

Database Management System Components of Database Environment Database Approach


Advantages of Database Approach Disadvantages of Database Approach

Difference b/w Database and File System Approach

Application Program

Relationship of application program & DBMS

Range of Database Applications


Personal Computer Databases Workgroup Databases Department Databases Enterprise Databases

Types of Users

Collection of Raw Facts and Figures Raw Means Collected from different sources and different purpose Vital Resource for any organizations Resource is anything that is valuable for an organization Provides correct information Utilize other resources effectively

Admission Form During Census Organization conduct surveys

Numeric Data Alphabetic Data Alphanumeric Data Image Data Audio Data Video Data

Processed data is called Information An organized and processed form More Meaningful Making Decision Input and Output For Example Student Marks in different Subjects

College and University During Census Organization

Unprocessed Raw Facts Used as input Not Meaningful Independent Difficult to reproduce Not for Decision Making

Processed form of data Output Meaningful Dependent Easy to Reproduce Very important for decision making

Data about data Used to describe the properties and characteristics of some other data Size, Format and Other

First Computer-Based Method to Handle the Business Application Store Data in File on Tape or Disk Each Department in an Organization Has Its Own set of files

Data Redundancy

Duplication of Data
Two Files may maintain different data of same thing

Data Inconsistency

Data Isolation Integrity Problem

Reliability and Accuracy

Program Data Dependency Atomicity Security Program Maintenance

An organized collection of related data that is stored in an efficient and compact manner Organized means that data is stored in such way that user can use easily Related means Created to store that data about a particular topic Efficient means User can search the required data quickly

Table

Fundamental object of the data base structure Store data Row and columns Manipulate
Horizontal Collection of related fields Vertical

Row/Record

Columns/Field

Phone Directory Library Accounts College

Collection of programs that used to create and maintain database Provides the following facilities
Structure of database Store the data Insert, delete, update and retrieve specific data to generate reports

Repository

Collection of all data definition, data relationships output styles and report formats

Database Management System Database Application Program User Interface Data Administrators End User

Redundancy Control Data Consistency Data Atomicity Data Security Reduced Development Time Compactness Easier Reporting Data Sharing Increased Concurrency Improve Backup and Recovery Data Independent

High Cost of DBMS Higher Hardware Cost Higher Programmer Cost More Chance of Failure Complexity and Performance

The program and data are interdependent Data Duplicate Inconsistency Cannot Share Poor Security Not Complex Low cost

The program and data are independent Not Duplicate Always Consistent Shared Provides Security Complex Very High Cost

Is a program that used to send command and instruction to the DBMS Commands are send using Interface Relationship of Application Program and DBMS

User User Interface Application Program DBMS Database

Application Programmer End User


Nave User Sophisticated Users


DBMS

Who Familiar with the Structure of Database and facilities of

Database Administrator

Installing of Software Monitoring the database Solution of any problem Assigning permission Backup Restoring the system

Anda mungkin juga menyukai