By Mohsin Riaz
Data
Information
Database
Examples of Database
Application Program
Types of Users
Collection of Raw Facts and Figures Raw Means Collected from different sources and different purpose Vital Resource for any organizations Resource is anything that is valuable for an organization Provides correct information Utilize other resources effectively
Numeric Data Alphabetic Data Alphanumeric Data Image Data Audio Data Video Data
Processed data is called Information An organized and processed form More Meaningful Making Decision Input and Output For Example Student Marks in different Subjects
Unprocessed Raw Facts Used as input Not Meaningful Independent Difficult to reproduce Not for Decision Making
Processed form of data Output Meaningful Dependent Easy to Reproduce Very important for decision making
Data about data Used to describe the properties and characteristics of some other data Size, Format and Other
First Computer-Based Method to Handle the Business Application Store Data in File on Tape or Disk Each Department in an Organization Has Its Own set of files
Data Redundancy
Duplication of Data
Two Files may maintain different data of same thing
Data Inconsistency
An organized collection of related data that is stored in an efficient and compact manner Organized means that data is stored in such way that user can use easily Related means Created to store that data about a particular topic Efficient means User can search the required data quickly
Table
Fundamental object of the data base structure Store data Row and columns Manipulate
Horizontal Collection of related fields Vertical
Row/Record
Columns/Field
Collection of programs that used to create and maintain database Provides the following facilities
Structure of database Store the data Insert, delete, update and retrieve specific data to generate reports
Repository
Collection of all data definition, data relationships output styles and report formats
Database Management System Database Application Program User Interface Data Administrators End User
Redundancy Control Data Consistency Data Atomicity Data Security Reduced Development Time Compactness Easier Reporting Data Sharing Increased Concurrency Improve Backup and Recovery Data Independent
High Cost of DBMS Higher Hardware Cost Higher Programmer Cost More Chance of Failure Complexity and Performance
The program and data are interdependent Data Duplicate Inconsistency Cannot Share Poor Security Not Complex Low cost
The program and data are independent Not Duplicate Always Consistent Shared Provides Security Complex Very High Cost
Is a program that used to send command and instruction to the DBMS Commands are send using Interface Relationship of Application Program and DBMS
Database Administrator
Installing of Software Monitoring the database Solution of any problem Assigning permission Backup Restoring the system