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Independent Clause

Independent clause is the clause that can stand by itself, makes a sense by itself. There are seven basic clause types.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Subject + Verb Subject + Verb + Adjunct Subject + verb + complement Subject + verb + object Subject + verb + object + adjunct Subject + verb + object + object Subject + verb + object + complement

TYPE 1

Subject verb (SV)

The verb refers to the action carried out by the subject that does not affect anybody or anything else. Subject-Verb (SV), e.g.

Subject
Anila my mother

Verb
kicked is drilling

the girl
Li Wei

laughed
went

TYPE 1

Subject verb (SV)

A point to note here is that some verbs may take an Object, and thereby be expanded into the basic SVO structure, whereas some may not. Eg
Subject
Anila

Verb
kicked

Object
the ball

EXERCISE

TYPE 1

The movement is spreading. The ducks are swimming. She laughed.

TYPE 2:

A kind of intransitive (SVA)

Intransitive clause has Subject Verb Adjucnt. The verb invovled here take obligatory Adjunct. The mission of Adjunct in this is show more details about the action,event and state.

For Example:

Intransitive clause has Subject Verb Adjunct.

Subject
The small child
My friend

Verb
cried
left

Adjucnt
very loudly
that evening
[Adjunct of manner]
[Adjunct of the time]

Bibber
She

live

in America

[Adjunct of the location]

[Adjunct of the cause]

had been sad since you left

Ozawa
I

act
was fallen

well
on the floor

[Adjunct of a verb phrase]

[adjunct of Preposition phrase]

EXERCISE

1) Robert ran to the door.

2) I go crazy because of you

3) Her stupid child was failed this morning

TYPE 3

Intensive Clause (SVC)

Intensive Clause has Subject Verb Complement The Subject and Complement are said to be and intensive relation The difference is that the Subject and Object refer to different things whereas the Subject and Complement (in a SVC clause) refer to the same thing

The difference between Object And Complement

For Example: *Julie ate the corn. S V Object *Dawn seems so sad. S V Complement

 A complement describes a verb argument (subject or object) more closely: *Sir George is a knight.
Subject Complement

*The Queen made Sir George a knight

Object Complement

TYPE 4

Subject Verb Object (SVO)

This is a transitive clause type. This type of clause is known as the commonest. And it is also called mono-transitive. Transitive implies having an object, and monotransitive having only one object. Structure: S + V + O

TYPE 4

Subject Verb Object (SVO)

Example: She sings a song. S V O Exercise: - The sky is blue. - Tom hugged the dog.

TYPE 5

Subject Verb Object Adjunct (SVOA)

Its also transitive clause type. But here it needs obligatory adjunct in addition to an object. Structure: S + V + O + A Example: He hugged the dog gently.

TYPE 5

Subject Verb Object Adjunct (SVOA)

Adjunct of manner: My friend wrote her essay quickly. Adjunct of time: I met my brother last night. Adjunct of location: Children are playing soccer in the yard.

EXERCISE

TYPE 5

They will go to Thailand tomorrow. He drives his car carefully. My mom is looking at me angrily.

TYPE 6

Di-transitive clause type (SVOO)

Di-transitive clause have two objects. Direct object (DO) and Indirect object (IO) S + V + IO + DO (Do action) (action) (receive DO) (receive action) example: He bought his wife a new car.
S V IO DO

He gave the police the information.

S V IO DO

TYPE 6

Di-transitive clause type (SVOO)

It have 2 structure

S + V + DO + TO + IO

Eg: I pass the ball to peter. (I pass peter the ball)

S V DO IO

I sent a letter to my friend.

S V DO IO

( I sent my friend a letter)

TYPE 6

Di-transitive clause type (SVOO)

S + V + DO + FOR + IO

Eg: They saved a seat for me

S V DO IO

She made a cake for him.

S V DO IO

TYPE 7

Complex-transitive clause type (SVOC)

After verb is an object and a complement. S and C (Complement) are refer to the same thing S+V+O+C Eg: The children find the story interesting.
S V O C

American elect Obama the president.

S V O C

TYPE 7

Complex-transitive clause type (SVOC)

Other verb may enter in type: choose, select, elect, vote, appoint, name, consider, assign, call

The company appointed him sales manager. We consider her as the best student of the year. They named their son Tony.

TYPE 7

Complex-transitive clause type (SVOC) The local people find the new exciting. The result make me disappointed. Nobody believes him successful.

Other verb may enter in type 7: find, make, consider, believe, think, leave

EXERCISE

TYPES 6 + 7

Barry sent Mary a bunch of carnations. Jane has given her mother a present. Everybody name this action selfishness.

His mother considers him a genius.

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