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Philippine Legal Citations

all the sources of Philippine legal information from the 1900s to present, uniform standard of Philippine citation is need for clarity, and consistency. Each individual has his own style and preference in legal research and writing. The two manuals used as a guide to cite Philippine legal information are: The University of the Philippines Philippine Manual of Legal Citations by Myrna S. Feliciano (5th ed. 1999) and the Supreme Courts Manual of Judicial Writing (2005)

Considering

Rule 1 - Constitutions
The Constitution cited by reference to article, section and paragraph.

Examples:
Const. (1935), Art. VIII, Sec. 1 Const. (1973), Art. XI, Sec. 1 When the Constitution is no longer in force, put year in parenthesis. Examples: Const, Art. VIII, Sec 1

Rule 2 Codes and Statutes


CODES
As a general rule, cite the name of the particular code, article number or section number (if any) without any indication of date. But when the code is no longer in force or has been subsequently revised, put the year of effectivity in parenthesis. Examples: CIVIL CODE, art. 15.
CIVIL CODE (1889), art. 67.

The following is a list of Philippine Codes and how they are cited:

STATUTES PROPER
Laws passed by the Legislative Department from 1901 to present are cited as follows:
a.2.1 Public Laws 1901-1934 Act No. 136 (1901) a.2.2 Commonwealth Acts, 1935-1945 Com. Act No. 35 (1935) a.2.3 Republic Acts, 1946-1972, 1987-present Rep. Act No. 88 (1946) a.2.4 Presidential Decrees, September 21, 1972 February 1986 Com. Act No. 35 (1935) a.2.5 Batas Pambansa, January 1979 February 1, 1986 Batas Blg. 129 (1980)

Initial citations for statutes : {full title}, {statute number}, {subdivisions} ({year}).
Example:

An Act Penalizing the Making of Drawing and Issuance of a Check Without Funds or Credit and for Other Purposes, Batas Pambansa Blg. 22 sec. 6 (1978) Subsequent citation for statutes: {abbreviated
statute number}, {subdivisions} Example:

B.P. 22, sec. 6.

Rule 3 Treaties
Cite the name of the agreement and the exact date of signature by the Philippines. The effectivity date or date of entry into force may be given parenthetically at the end of the citation. Shorten title of the cited agreement by substituting with for Between the Republic of the Philippines and. Give the source of the text of the treaty.
Example:

Philippines Extradition Treaty with the United States, November 27, 1981, 8 PTS 978
Note: 8 cite in the source represents the volume number

Rule 4 Executive/Presidential Issuances

Presidential issuances are cited by the number of the issuance and followed by the date of issuance. The date is important for each year, the number starts with the first number (No. 1)
Examples: a.4.1 Executive Orders Exec. Order No. 200 (1986) a.4.2 Proclamations Proc. No. 1081 (1972) a.4.3 Administrative Orders Adm. Order No. 200 (2005)

a.4.4 There are special presidential issuances under Martial law as follows: a.4.4.1 General Orders Gen. Order No. 1 (1972) a.4.4.2 Letters of Instructions L.O.I No. 2 (1972) a.4.4.3 Letters of Implementation L.O. Impl. No. 1 (1972) a. 4.4.4 Letters of Authority L.O.A. No. 1 (1972)

Rule 5 Administrative Rules and Regulations


Government offices and agencies promulgate their own rules and regulations. As a general rule, {issuing agency}, {title}, {official source}, {page} and {date}
Examples: a.5.1 Bureau of Internal Revenue, Revenue Memorandum Circular No. 37-93, 89 O.G. 4476, Aug. 9, 2003 a.5.2 Administrative Order No. 1 promulgated by the Dept of Energy on Jan 5, 2006: DOE Adm. Order No. 1 (2006)

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