PAPARAN BISING PADA

PEKERJA MUSIK

Ronny Suwento

PUSAT KESEHATAN TELINGA DAN GANGGUAN KOMUNIKASI

DIVISI THT KOMUNITAS - Dept THT FKUI – RSCM
WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention of Deafness and Hearing Loss
PENGERTIAN BISING
 BISING : Suara yang tidak diharapkan
 MUSIK : Suara yang diinginkan

BISING Χ MUSIK v

PAPARAN INTENSITAS
BISING LAMA

GANGGUAN PENDENGARAN / NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS

 PERAN KOKLEA DALAM PROSES
MENDENGAR
Sensor suara yang masuk : distribusi frekuensi / nada ( dipilah – pilah)

Mengubah energi akustik menjadi energi listrik, bisa dihantarkan ke

otak melalui saraf pendengaran
PENGARUH BISING TERHADAP ORGAN TELINGA

Sel rambut luar

koklea
PENGARUH BISING TERHADAP KOKLEA
Gambaran mikroskop elektron

Sel rambut luar koklea Sel rambut luar koklea

( Sehat ) ( Rusak )
DATA MANCANEGARA

 WHO (1988) 8 -12 % penduduk dunia menerima dampak bising

 Denmark : TAB : 28 / 100.000 penduduk

 USA pekerja/ penduduk terpapar 9 juta ( 1981) 30 juta ( 1990)

 Norwegia: TAB remaja 12 % (1981) menjadi 22 % (1988)

 S‘ pura : 40 pekerja 5 disko, kerja 22.7 jam / minggu: 41.9 % TAB

 Morioka - Japan ( 1993) :

37 remaja fans rock mengeluh telinga berdenging

30 diantaranya TAB.

INDONESIA ????
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration.(OSHA)
Daily Permissible Noise Level Exposure

Hours per day Sound level ( dB)

8 90
6 92
4 95
3 97
2 100
1.5 102
1 105
0.5 110
0.25 115
 Sound Levels of Music
Normal piano practice 60 -70 dB
Chamber music, small auditorium 75 – 85 dB
Violin 82 – 92 dB
Cello 85 -111 dB

Flute 92 -103 dB
Piccolo 90 -106 dB
French horn 90 – 106 dB
Trombone 85 – 114 dB
Tympani & bass drum 106 dB
Amplifier rock 120 dB
Rock music peak 150 dB

Decibel (Loudness) Comparison Chart were taken from a study by Marshall Chasin ,
M.Sc., Aud(C), FAAA, Center for Human Performance & Health, Ontario, Canada.
 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000

10 NORMAL
z v
f
Audiogram

20
p th
30 RINGAN h s
HEARING LEVEL (dB HL)

j md g
40 n ch
b
ng la sh
e i o r
50 u
60 SEDANG
70

80 BERAT
90

100
SANGAT BERAT
110
120

FREQUENCY IN CYCLES / detik (HZ)

 High freq sounds of 2.000 – 4.000 Hz the most damaging
 The incidence of hearing loss
 Classical musicians 4 – 43 %,
 Rock musicians 13 – 30 %.

MUSIKUS

Rock, metal, pop 120 -130 dB

Orchestra 83 -112 dB

Jazz, Blues, Country 80 -101 dB

Pekerja musik rata-rata terpapar bising sekitar 4 – 8 jam/ hari.

OSHA : pekerja musik – paparan bising
8 jam/ hari dilingkungan 85 dB peraturan hearing conservation.
Bising 90 dB berlaku UU Hearing Protection &
upaya menurunkan kebisingan.

Nat. Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders

(NIDCD) :
Bising 110 dB dlm waktu 1 menit : risiko gangguan
pendengaran menetap.
Seseorang hanya boleh berada di lingkungan 100 dB - tanpa alat
pelindung pendengaran – selama 15 menit.
PROTEKSI BISING UNTUK MUSIKUS

2
1

1. Ear piece Silicone

2. The attenuators : 3 levels of
attenuation (sound reduction): ER-9,
ER-15, ER-25.
 H.E.A.R
( Hearing Education and Awareness of Rocker)
www. hear.net

 Pete Townshend (The WHO) yang juga menjadi donatur forum

H.E.A.R
 Phil Collins - organisasi PARTNER.
2005 : Sound Partners Lifetime Achievement Award for Recording Arts
dari House Ear Institute ( Sentra penelitian pendengaran bergengsi di
Amerika Serikat).

Pete Townshend - 1970

Pete Townshend -
2007
 Kathy Peck, founder of S. Francisco-based grassroots nonprofit
Hearing Education Awareness for Rockers (H.E.A.R.),
 To raise awareness for hearing after she experienced severe ear
trauma at a single concert in the '80s when her band, The Contractions,
opened for Duran Duran at a local arena.
 Since then, she has worked tirelessly to educate the public about the
dangers of noise exposure and provide
musicians and music fans
with hearing protection.
MICHAEL MANN AND PHIL COLLINS HONORED FOR ACHIEVEMENTS
AT HOUSE EAR INSTITUTE’S GALA EVENT AT BEVERLY HILLS HOTEL

 LOS ANGELES – March 21, 2005 –Michael Mann will receive the “Sound Partners Lifetime
Achievement Award for Film,” and Phil Collins will receive the “Sound Partners Lifetime
Achievement Award for Recording Arts” at
the House Ear Institute’s 27th Annual Benefit Gala at the Beverly Hills Hotel on March 24,
2005.
Florence Henderson will emcee the gala event, which will raise funds for the Institute’s Sound
Partners™ hearing conservation program that raises public awareness about the importance of
protecting our hearing against the dangers of noise in our world. “Hollywood Auction for
Hearing Health.”

 Michael Mann’s highly acclaimed filmmaking career spans more than three decades and has
earned him numerous awards and honors, including four Academy Award nominations : The
Aviator. Collateral (starring Tom Cruise and Jamie Foxx), Heat, The Insider, and Last of the
Mohicans, which won an Academy Award for its sound work.


DET EKSI DI NI
PEMERIKSAAN PENDENGARAN
OTO ACOUSTIC EMISSION ( OAE)
Koklea sehat ( PASS)
Gangguan koklea ( REFER)
 AUDIOMETRI NADA MURNI
 Ambang pendengaran ( suara terkecil dapat didengart)
MUSICIAN AND HEARING LOSS

1. Pete Townshend ( gitaris The WHO)

2. Eric Clapton ( gitaris, penyanyi pop rock)
3. Phill Collins (drummer grup Genesis,penyanyi solo)
4. George Harrison( The Beatles)
5. Barbara Streisand, penyanyi, artis film
6. Liberty Divito (drummer Billy Joel)
7. Engelbert Humperdinck, penyanyi pop
8. The Sting, penyanyi dan musisi
9. Lars Ulrich - drummer grup rock Metallica
10.James Hetfield - Metallica , rhythm guitar
.
PEMERIKSAAN TAMBAHAN
 TIMPANOMETRI
 Kondisi telinga tengah ( middle ear)