Upper Limb

Pectoral Region
Dr. Gamal Taha
Lecturer of Anatomy

Surface Anatomy

Surface Anatomy
Pectoral region
Bony Landmarks

Sternum: Jugular notch (body of T2) Sternal angle of Louise (T4-5) Xiphosternal joint (T9)
In addition to Ribs & costal cartilage till the Anterior Axillary Fold

Surface Anatomy
Superficial structure - Skin & derivative of skin (breast) Breast : nipple, areolar, mammary gland (F) Surface Anatomy (position) : Nipple 4-5 inches from the midline, 4th intercostal space

Superficial Structures

Superficial Structures
Cutaneous Nerves: Supraclavicular nerves

Anterior cutaneous nerves of the intercostal nerves (ventral rami of T2-T6) Lateral cutaneous nerves of the intercostal nerves (ventral rami of T3-T6) Intercostobrachial Nerve (Lateral cutaneous nerve of T2)

Superficial Structures Nerves

Superficial Structures Arteries

Cutaneous arteries

Perforating branches of the Internal thoracic artery. Lateral branches of the Posterior intercostal arteries.

Superficial Structures Arteries

Cutaneous arteries Superior thoracic Thoracoacromial arterty Lateral thoracic arteries (All from Axillary artery).

Superficial Structures Pectoral Fascia

Attachments: Superiorly: to the clavicle. Inferiorly: Till the fibrous sheath of the Rectus Abdominis. Medially: to the front of the sternum. Laterally: continuous with fascia that covers

Muscles Pectoralis Major

Origin : 2 heads;

Clavicular head: From medial of the front of the clavicle.

Sternocostal head: From; Sternum. Upper 6 costal cartilages. Aponeurosis of external oblique

Muscles Pectoralis Major

Insertion:

Lateral lip of bicipital groove forming Anterior Axillary fold on its way.
Nerve supply : Medial & lateral pectoral nerves.

Muscles Pectoralis Major

Pectoralis Major:
- Both

Parts (Adduction, Medial Rotation) - Clavicular head (Flexion) - Sternocostal head (Extension)

Clavicular Sternocostal

Muscles - Pectoralis Minor

Origen:

3rd, 4th & 5th ribs (just lateral to costal cartilages).

Insertion:

Upper surface and medial border of

Muscles Pectoralis Minor

Action:
Protraction and depression of scapula and a guide to the axilla

Nerve Supply:
Medial Pectoral Nerve & Lateral Pectoral nerve.

Muscles Subclavius Muscle Origin :

From 1st rib at its junction with the 1st costal cartilage.

Insertion:

Subclavian groove at the middle 1/3 of the

Muscles Subclavius Muscle

Nerve supply:
Nerve to subclavius from upper trunk of brachial plexus. Action: Fixes the clavicle during movement of shoulder joint.

Clavipectoral Fascia

Clavipectoral Fascia
Attachments:

Superiorly: It splits to enclose the subclavius groove. Inferiorly: It splits to enclose the pectoralis minor muscle. Then continue as the suspensory ligament of the. Medially: It blends with fascia over the first two intercostal spaces and is attached to the 1st rib Laterally: it is thick and dense and is attached to the coracoid process.

Clavipectoral Fascia

It is a thickened membrane of Deep Fascia between the subclavius and pectoralis minor. :

It is pierced by Lateral pectoral

nerve. Thoracoacromial artery Cephalic vein. Few lymph vessels.

Serratus Anterior Muscle

Origin: Upper eight ribs.
1

Insertion: Anterior aspect of the medial border and inferior angle of scapula.

2 3
4 5

6
7 8

Serratus Anterior Muscle

Serratus Anterior Muscle

Nerve supply: Long thoracic nerve. Action: Draws the scapula forward (protrusion, as in boxing). Rotates scapula outwards in raising the arm above 90 degree.

Thank You