EDUCATION AND APPRECIATIO N

INSTRUCTOR: MS. RASALYN B. CERICOS

CHAPTER 2 THE ARTISTS MEDIA

MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUE

MEDIUM- which comes from the Latin word medium, denotes the means by which an artist communicates his idea. These are materials which are used by artist to interpret his

Many mediums have been used in creating different works of art.

ARCHITECT - Uses wood, bamboo, bricks, stones, concrete, and various building materials. PAINTER - Uses pigments on wood or canvas to recreate reality of nature. SCULPTOR - Uses steel, marbles, bronze, metal, and wood. MUSICIAN - Uses sound and instruments to communicate its subject and literary writers uses words in literature.

On the basis of medium, the arts are primarily classified as visual and auditory.

VISUAL ARTS
Are those whose mediums can be seen and which occupy space.

GROUP INTO TWO CLASSES

1. DIMENSIONAL OR TWODIMENSIONAL - Arts which include painting, drawing, printmaking, and photography. 2. THREE DIMENSIONAL - Arts include sculpture, architecture, landscape, community planning, industrial

AUDITORY ARTS

- are those whose medium can be heard and which are expressed in time. -There are 1. music 2.literature.

COMBINED ARTS
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Are those whose mediums can be both seen and heard, and these exists in both space and time. These are: 1. dance 2. the opera 3. the drama 4. the movies.

Artwork grasps the meaning of a significant events or similar sequences consisting chiefly of a series of continuous incidents are also known as

All arts convey meaning and these may be enjoyed through either visual or auditory sense or

Technique is the manner in which the artists controls his medium to achieve the desired effect. It is the ability with which he fulfills the technical requirements of his particular work of art. It has something to do with the way he manipulates his medium to express his ideas in the artwork.

THE ARTIST AND HIS MEDIUM

The artists feels, and gives shape to his vision in terms of his medium. - The artist loves and respect his medium. - Each medium has its own characteristics which determine the physical appearance of the finished work of arts.

THE ARTIST AND HIS TECHNIQUE

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Apparently, artist differ from one another ion technique even if they use the same medium. Technique differs in the various arts. An artists technique in one medium will be quite different from the technique in another. For an artist, technique is not the end but the means, while the craft man, technique is the end.

MEDIUM OF THE VISUAL ARTS

Visual are those arts that are perceived with our eyes. The most common visual arts are: -painting -sculpture -architecture

PAINTIN G

Painting is that art of creating meaningful effects on a flat surface by the use of pigments. DO YOU THINK PAINTING USE DIFFERENT MEDIUMS? The materials of the painter are pigments applied to wet plaster, canvas, wood, or paper.

WATERCOLOR
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As a medium is difficult to handle because it is difficult to produced warm and rich tones but invites brilliances and a variety of hues. Gouaches- an opaque watercolor painting the major effects of which are caused by

FRESCO
This is painting on a moist plaster surface with colors ground in water or a limewater mixture. - The colors dry into plaster, and the picture becomes a part of the wall. - The image becomes permanently fixed and almost impossible to remove. Example: The Creation of Adam - Michaelangelos painting
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TEMPERA
- Paint are mineral pigments mixed with egg yolks or egg white and ore. - There are often used as a binder due to its film forming properties and rapid drying rate and corrections are difficult to make. It is more deliberate and technique than oil because it does not possess the flexibility of oil. - Through the Middle Ages and Renaissance, tempera was one of the favorite mediums of many painters before oil was adopted. - Tempera painting is usually done in wooden panel that has been made very smooth with plaster called gesso (chalk and gum ).

PASTEL
- This is stick of dried paste made of pigment

round with chalk and compounded with gum water. Its colors are luminous, and it is a very flexible medium. In spite of its richness and effects, it has never won a prize, because it is difficult to preserve the finished product in its original freshness. Some artist use fixing medium or protecting surface such as glass, but when the chalk rubs, the picture loses some of its brilliance.

ENCAUSTIC
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This is one of the early mediums used by the Egyptians for the painted portrait on mummy cases. This is done by painting with wax colors fixed with heat. Painting with wax produces luster and radiance in the subject making them appear at

OIL
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Oil painting is one of the most expensive art activities today because of the prohibited cost of materials. It is the heaviest of painting media. In oil painting, pigments are mixed with linseed oil and applied to the canvas. One good quality of oil paints as a medium is its flexibility. Painting done in oil is glossy and lasts long.

ACRYLIC
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This medium is used popularly by contemporary painters, because of the transparency and quick-drying characteristics of watercolor and the flexibility of oil combined. Acrylic paint do not tend to break easily, unlike oil paints which turn yellowish or darker over a period of time.

MOSAIC
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Mosaic art is a picture or decoration made of small pieces of inlaid colored stones or glass called tesserae which most often are cut into squares glued on a surface with plaster or cements.

STAINED GLASS
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Stained glass as an artwork is common in Gothic cathedrals and churches. This is made by combining many small

TAPESTRY
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This is fabric consisting of a warp upon which colored threads are woven by hand to produced design, often pictorials, wall hangings and furniture covering. During the Middle Ages, they were hung on the walls of palaces and in cathedrals on festive occasions to provides warmth.

DRAWING
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Is usually done on paper using pencil, pen and ink, or charcoal. It is the most fundamental of all skills necessary in arts. Drawing has always been considered as very good training for its artists because it makes one concentrate on the use of line. Shading can also be used to make drawing more life-like and realistic. Some of the worlds best-known drawing are by the Iltalian artist Leonardo da Vinci (1452-15-19)

BISTRE
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Bistre is a brown pigments extracted from the soot of wood , and often used in pen and wash drawings.

CRAYONS
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Crayons are pigments bound by wax and compressed into painted sticks used for drawing especially among children in the elementary grades. They adhere better on paper surface.

CHARCOAL
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These are carbonaceous materials obtained by heating wood or other organic substances in the absence of the oxygen. Charcoal is used in representing broad masses of light and shadow.

SILVERPOINT
- In

this medium, the artist has a technique of drawing with silver stylus on specially prepared paper to produce a thin grayish line that was popular during the Renaissance period.

PRINTMAKING
A print is anything printed on a surface that is direct result from duplicating process. - One of the advantages of printmaking is the process of making many copies of the original drawing. - Today, printmaking maybe categorized as painting because it has long been acknowledged as an independent art. Five major types of prints 1. Woodcut 2. Engraving 3. Relief 4. Intaglio 5. Stencil printing Each print can be distinguished by the plate made.
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1.

WOODCUT

-As the name implies, this is made from a piece of wood. - the design stands as a relief, the remaining surface of the block being cut away. -A woodblock prints just as do the letters of a typewriter. -Woodcuts can be identified because of their firm, clear and

2.
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ENGRAVING

This is the art of forming designs by cutting, corrosion by acids. In graving, the lines of the design are cut into a metal plate with ink and transferred from the plate to the paper. The lines of an engraving are cut by the hand with an instrument called burin, a steel tool with an oblique point and rounded handle for carving stone and engraving

3. -

RELIEF

Relief printing involves cutting away from a block of wood or linoleum the parts of the design that the artist wants to be seen, leaving the portion of the third

4.

INTAGLIO
Is a printing process in which a design or the text is engraved into the surface of the plate and the ink transferred to paper from the groover.

5.

STENCIL PRINTING

- Stencil printing is a very common art activity done by high school students these days as part of their practical arts courses