Manajemen dan

Keselamatan Laboratorium
Semester Ganjil 2013/2014
Kode Mata Kuliah: MAK4106/MAK 1106
Dosen : Dr. Sofia Anita, M.Sc. Drs. T. Ariful Amri, MSi Jadwal Kuliah Ruang : Selasa 10.20-12.00 WIB : 303
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VISI DAN MISI PRODI KIMIA

VISI Menjadi pusat pengembangan ilmu kimia berbasis riset di Indonesia bagian Barat, khususnya sains kimia sumber daya alam lokal menjelang Tahun 2035 MISI Menyelenggarakan pendidikan tinggi yang unggul di bidang ilmu kimia yang terfokus pada sains kimia sumber daya alam lokal Mengembangkan penelitian kimia berbasis sumber daya alam lokal mengacu pada keberlanjutan ekosistem. Menerapkan dan menyebarluaskan ilmu kimia yang relevan dengan potensi sumber daya alam lokal dan pengembangan masyarakat melalui Tridharma PT
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Tujuan pembelajaran
Mahasiswa mampu memahami aturan dan simbol keselamatan di laboratorium

Kehadiran

Kehadiran minimal untuk kelulusan mata ajaran ini adalah 85% dengan dispensasi bagi mereka yang memiliki alasan sakit yang perlu dirawat atau alasan lain yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan.

Metode pembelajaran
MK Manajemen dan Keselamatan Laboratorium ini akan dilakukan dalam bentuk kuliah, diskusi kelompok dan presentasi. Kuliah diberikan oleh dosen maksimum 1,5 jam, dan kemudian diteruskan dengan diskusi untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang diberikan. Beberapa pertemuan akan diisi dengan presentasi oleh kelompok mahasiswa.
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Sistem penilaian
Nilai Huruf
Pada mata ajaran ini, nilai akhir diberikan oleh pengajar dan asisten. Hubungan nilai angka dan nilai huruf adalah sebagai berikut:

Range > 85 81 - 85 76 - 80 71 - 75 66 - 70 61 - 65 51 - 60 45 - 50 < 45

Nilai Angka
4.00 3.75 3.50 3.00 2.75 2.50 2.00 1.00 0.00
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A AB+ B BC+ C D E

Sistem penilaian
Nilai akhir (NA) mahasiswa dihitung berdasarkan hasil evaluasi belajar yang komponennya diberikan pada tabel berikut ini.
Komponen Makalah, Presentasi Tugas UTS UAS Total Notasi MP T M S Bobot (%) 20 10 30 40 100

Dan berdasarkan rumus berikut diperoleh NA: NA= 0,20 x MP + 0,10 x T + 0,30 x M + 0,40 x S
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RENCANA PEMBELAJARAN
Pertemuan Pokok Bahasan

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Pentingnya Keselamatan dan Keamanan Laboratorium Kimia

Alat Pelindung Diri Melabel dan Menyimpan Bahan Kimia Mendesain Laboratorium Manajemen Limbah Laboratorium Kebakaran

Presentasi
UTS

Mengapa Keselamatan dan Keamanan Laboratorium Kimia Penting?

Pelajari Kasus-Kasus Berikut ini

University of California Santa Cruz: Fire

January 11, 2002: about 5:30 am, 4th floor of Sinsheimer Lab building, Dept. of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology. Firefighters responded to alert from heat-detection system in building. Controlled by noon. Up-to-date inventory of hazardous materials allowed firefighters to enter building and contain fire. Building did not have automatic sprinkler system.

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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ: FIRE, CONTD.

Professors and students lost equipment, notes, materials, samples. Other labs in building closed for weeks to months. Water and smoke damage Burned labs took 2 years to reopen.

Cause never determined.

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Environmental hazards
California State Univ. Northridge: Earthquake
Magnitude 6.7 January 17, 1994 4:31 am 57 deaths, 11000 injuries Epicenter a few km from California State University Northridge campus

Several fires in science buildings allowed to burn because firemen worried about chemical hazards Professors and students lost equipment, notes, materials, samples

Images courtesy: P.W. Weigand, California State University Northridge Geology Department, Image source: Earth Science World Image Bank http://www.earthscienceworld.org/images

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DARTMOUTH COLLEGE: DIMETHYLMERCURY POISONING

Karen Wetterhahn, professor and founding director of Dartmouth's Toxic Metals Research Program
expert in the mechanisms of metal toxicity

In 1996, spilled a few drops of dimethylmercury on her gloved hand

Cleaned up spill immediately Latex glove believed protective

Six months later, became ill and died of acute mercury poisoning at age 48

MENGAPA KITA PERLU TAU TENTANG CHEMICAL SAFETY?

Kesehatan pekerja Keselamatan pekerja Keselamatan masyarakat Keselamatan lingkungan

Its the right thing to do!

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Important Questions:
HOW DOES YOUR COUNTRY REGULATE AND CONTROL CHEMICAL SAFETY AND SECURITY? IS IT EFFECTIVE?

COULD IT BE IMPROVED?
HOW?
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Early Observers
400 BC HIPPOCRATES

SEJARAH CHEMICAL SAFETY: PERSONS

FATHER OF MEDICINE FIRST TO WRITE OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE
LEAD POISONING IN SLAVES
Hippocrates

23-79 AD

PLINY THE ELDER USE OF ANIMAL BLADDERS AS MASKS Pliny the Elder
FOR METALWORKERS

Agricola

1494 1529-37

GEORGIUS AGRICOLA PARACELSIUS

ADVOCATED VENTILATION & MASKS

FOR MINERS & SMELTER WORKERS

Paracelsus

FATHER OF TOXICOLOGY
FIRST BOOK ON OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE (1533: miners disease) DOSE MAKES THE POISON (paraphrased from All things are poison and nothing is without poison, only the dose permits something not to be poisonous)

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Later
1713 1775

Observers
DESCRIBED PATHOLOGY OF SILICOSIS

Ramazzini

BERNADINO RAMAZZINI FATHER OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE PERCIVAL POTT

PHYSICIAN SHOWED FIRST OCCUPATIONAL LINK TO CANCER AS ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGEN Chimney sweeps & scrotal cancer

Pott

Kekul

Hamilton

1890

AUGUST KEKULE

THEORETICAL CHEMIST (benzene structure) IF YOU WANT TO BECOME A CHEMIST YOU HAVE TO RUIN YOUR HEALTH. WHO DOES NOT RUIN HIS HEALTH BY HIS STUDIES, NOWADAYS WILL NOT GET ANYWHERE IN CHEMISTRY. US MOTHER OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE DESCRIBED LEAD POISONING, AND PHOSSY JAW in match workers, from white/yellow phosphorus 17
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1910-50

ALICE HAMILTON

CHEMICAL SAFETY HISTORY: EVENTS & US REGULATION

Triangle Fire protest

1911

Triangle Shirtwaist 146 GARMENT WORKER DEATHS RAISED AWARENESS OF SWEATSHOPS AND CHILD Fire
New York City; USA

1912

Sinking of the Titanic

LABOR CONDITIONS LED TO WORKERS COMPENSATION LAWS LED TO ADOPTION OF S-O-S AS INTERNATIONAL DISTRESS CALL
Titanic sinking

1919

Molasses Disaster KILLED >20; INURED >150 PERSONS

Boston, MA; USA
Molasses damage

EXPLOSION FROM PRESSURE BUILD-UP IN STORAGE TANK

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Bahaya Lab. Kimia

Bahaya bahan kimia debu, asap, kabut, uap, gas Bahaya Fisika kebakaran, listrik, radiasi, tekanan, getaran, suhu, kebisingan Bahaya Ergonomi pengulangan perlakuan (pipet), mengangkat, area kerja (computers, instruments) Bahaya Biologi patogen, darah atau cairan tubuh
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Keselamatan kerja Lab Kimia

Prinsip Kesehatan
Antisipasi
Pengenalan Chemical hazards

Physical hazards
Ergonomic hazards

Evaluasi
Kontrol

Biological hazards

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ANTISIPASI
Safety First ! To consider safety in the beginning is:

Easier, Cheaper, Safer,

and it saves you time !

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ANTISIPASI
Risk Analisis Resiko

Apa jenis senyawanya?

Berapa banyak? Apakah memerlukan peralatan khusus? Siapa yang melakukan? Apakah sudah terlatih? Bisakah percobaan yang dilakukan berakibat fatal? Apakah sudah punya rencana apabila dalam emergency?
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PENGENALAN
Jenis-jenis bahaya:

toksik kebakaran / explosif Bahaya fisik biohazard radiasi

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PENGENALAN DAN EVALUASI

What are the anticipated risks?

Apakah peralatan dan fasilitasnya mencukupi? Apakah pekerjanya cukup terlatih? Apa resikonya bila terjadi sesuatu yang tak diinginkan? Apakah sudah terencana dengan baik?

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KONTROL
Bagaimana mengontrol bahayanya?

Engineering controls: enclosure / isolation ventilation / hoods Emergency Plan Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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MENGENAL BAHAYA ZAT KIMIA

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TOKSIK
Acute (short term, poisons, asthmagens) cyanide strychnine Chronic (long term, carcinogens, reproductive) vinyl chloride (liver cancer) asbestos (mesothelioma, lung cancer) thalidomide (developmental birth defects)

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Routes of Exposure
Breathing Zone Inhalation* Absorption
Ingestion Eyes

Injection

*Most important route of entry

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FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS

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BAHAYA FISIK DAN ERGONOMI

Moving unguarded parts, pinches vacuum pump belts Broken glassware and sharps, cuts Pressure apparatus Vacuum containers Dewar flasks High voltage equipment Computer workstations Slips, trips & falls

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BIOHAZARDS
Blood borne pathogens AIDS, HIV, hepatitis, clinical chemistry labs Recombinant DNA Genetic engineering, cloning

Work with animals

Zoonoses, diseases from animals
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RADIATION HAZARDS
Ionizing Radiation: alpha a, beta b, gamma g, X-rays, neutrons

Radioactive isotopes: tritium, H-3, carbon, C-14, sulfur, S-35,phosphorus, P-32/33, iodine, I-135
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RADIATION HAZARDS
Non-Ionizing Radiation:
Ultraviolet (UV spectrometers) Magnetic (NMR, MRI) Microwave (Heart pacemaker hazard) Lasers (eye protection required)

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PERATURAN KESELAMATAN LAB

Mempunyai Safety Manual
Never work alone, especially after hours.

Specify when eye protection & PPE is required. Specify operations that require hood use. Specify required training. No mouth pipetting. No long hair or dangling attire.

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LAB SAFETY POLICIES

No eating, drinking, smoking in
laboratories Label all chemical containers Label refrigerators, No Food Label explosion safe refrigerators Require periodic fire drills

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GUNAKAN BAJU LAB YANG COCOK

Your clothing should cover your legs to the knees shorts are not appropriate for the laboratory Lab aprons can be used to protect good clothing Loose clothing should not be worn because it may dip into chemicals or fall into a flame and catch fire

GUNAKAN SEPATU TERTUTUP

Sandals and open-toed shoes do not protect your feet from broken glass that is frequently found in the lab Also, leather shoes protect your feet from chemical spills canvas shoes do not.

DO NOT APPLY COSMETICS, EAT, OR DRINK IN THE LAB.

These activities are ways by which you can accidentally ingest harmful chemicals

DO NOT TASTE ANY CHEMICAL!

TUANG WADAH BESAR KE KECIL

SELALU TUANG ASAM KE AIR

acid

water

Do not spit into acid! a good phrase to remember this rule.

APABILA SENYAWANYA VOLATIL BEKERJALAH DI LEMARI ASAM

HOLD YOUR HAND OVER THE LABEL WHILE POURING.

CHECK GLASSWARE FOR CRACKS.

HEAT TEST TUBES AT AN ANGLE, DIRECTING THE OPENING OPPOSITELY TO YOU AND OTHER PEOPLE IN THE LABORATORY.

HANDLE HOT GLASSWARE WITH GLOVES OR BEAKER TONGS.

DO NOT SMELL ANY CHEMICALS DIRECTLY!

If absoluteley necessary to smell, use your hand to fan the vapor to your nose.

DO NOT PIPET SOLUTIONS BY MOUTH!

Use a rubber suction bulb or other device to fill a pipet.

WASH YOUR HANDS WITH SOAP AND WATER BEFORE LEAVING.

This rule applies even if you have been wearing gloves!

DONT WORK ALONE IN THE LAB

In case of a problem, you may need another person to prevent injury or even save your life!

SAFE LABORATORY PROCEDURES

Use hoods properly:

- Work 6 (15 cm) in from

sash In center of hood Work with hood sash at ~18 (45 cm) high Close sash when not in use Dont use for storage

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LABORATORY HOODS
Must be used and maintained properly.

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EMERGENCY PLANNING & RESPONSE

Post each room with:
Emergency phone numbers After hour phone numbers Person(s) to be contacted Alternate person(s) Unique procedures to be followed

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WHATS WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE?

WHATS WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE?

WHATS WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE?

ANY QUESTIONS?

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