Mathematical nature of physics:

Fundamental physical theories have deep parallels with fundamental mathematical axioms and symmetries although physics still deals mostly with components of the universe assumed to be real while concepts in mathematics may be pure abstractions. In many cases what was once a mathematical abstraction, later became a working physical theory and even law of physics: For example various mathematical symmetries and their consequences as various conservation laws, or imaginary numbers in quantum theory, or virtual particles in quantum electro dynamics, or lack of static solution of Einstein Equations and expanding universe, to name just a few among many.

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Time:
This article is about the meaning of change in terms of flux and variation. Change denotes the transition that occurs between one state to another
Physical
A stimulus or force causes change. For example, ice melts into water. The heating of the ice above 32 degrees Fahrenheit caused the immobile oxygen and hydrogen atoms to mobilize, changing the ice into water. Throughout history, change has been defined by varying points of view. Newton harnessed mathematical concepts into calculus to provide mathematical models of change. This constituted a major step forward in understanding flux and variation. In modern physics, the concept of change is associated with action. Social With the rise of industrialization and capitalism, the importance attached to innovation grew, and social and political upheavals and pressures often forced change by violent revolution. Cultural attitudes towards change: Change is random. Change is cyclical, and one expects circumstances to happen again. This concept, often seen as related to Hinduism or Buddhism, nevertheless had great popularity in Europe in the Middle ages, and often appears in depictions of The Wheel of Fortune. Change may require organisms and organizations to adopt. Changes in society have been observed through slow, gradual modifications in mindsets and beliefs as well as through dramatic action (revolution). History is one of the tools used to document change.

Time: The idea of change, which is never changeable.

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Determinism
The 18th century saw many advances in the domain of science. After Newton, most scientists agreed on the presupposition that the universe is governed by strict (natural) laws that can be discovered and formalized by means of scientific observation and experiment. This position is known as determinism. However, while determinism was the fundamental presupposition of post-Newtonian physics, it quickly led philosophers to a tremendous problem: if the universe, and thus the entire world is governed by strict laws, then that means that human beings are also governed by natural law in their own actions. In other words, it means that there is no such thing as human freedom. Conversely, if it is accepted that human beings do have free will, then we must accept that the world is not entirely governed by natural law. Some have argued that if the world is not entirely governed by natural law, then the task of science is rendered impossible. With the advent of QM, indeterminism is now widely accepted in physics, and experimental science is able to proceed using stochastic (related to or characterized) approaches.

11/28/2013