What is MACHINE DESIGN

Machine design is the creation of new and better

machines and improving the existing one. A new or better machine is one which is more economical in the overall cost of production and operation. OR MD is defined as the use of scientific principles, technical information and imagination in the description of a machine or a mechanical system to perform specific functions with maximum economy and efficiency.

CLASSIFICATION OF MACHINE DESIGN

1. Adaptive design: The designers work is concerned with
adaptation of existing design. 2. Development design: This type of design needs

considerable scientific training and design ability in order to modify the existing designs into a new idea.

3. New design: This type of design needs a lot of research,

technical ability and designers and creative thinking.

GENERAL CONSIDERATION IN MACHINE DESIGN

(i) Type of load and stresses caused by the load.
(ii) Motion of parts (iii) Selection of materials (iv) Frictional resistance and lubrication (v) Convenient and economical features (vi) Safety of operation

Design requirement of machine elements

(i) Strength and stiffness (ii) Surface finish and tolerances (iii) Manufacturability (iv) Ease of handling (v) Working atmosphere (vi) Cooling and lubrication (vii) Safety (viii) Noise requirement (ix) Cost

Design Procedure
Market Survey Define Specifications of a Product Study Alternative Mechanisms for product and Select proper Mechanism

Prepare General Layout of Configuration and Select Joining Methods between Individual Components of Product

Design Individual Components Prepare Assembly and Detail Drawings and Modify Drawings after Testing Prototype Model

Use of Standards in Design

Standardization is defined as obligatory norms, to

which various characteristics of a product should conform. The characteristics include materials, dimensions and shape of the component, methods of testing and method of marking, packing and storing of the product.

Standards used in MED

Standards

for Materials, their chemical compositions, mechanical properties and heat treatment, e.g. I.S. 210 specifies seven grades of grey cast iron designated as FG 150, FG 200, FG 220, FG 260, FG 300, FG 350, FG 400.
Note:- The number indicates UT Strength in N/mm2.

Standards

for shapes and dimensions of commonly used machine elements like nuts, bolts, screws, rivets, belts etc. e.g. I.S. 2494 specifies the dimensions and shape of the cross-section of endless V-belts for power transmissions.

Standards used in MED

Standards for fits, tolerances and surface finish of

components:, e.g. selection of the type of the fit for different applications is illustrated in I.S. 2709 on Guide for selection of fits. Standards for testing of Products: e.g. I.S. 807 is a code of practice for design, manufacture, erection and testing of cranes and hoists. Standards for engineering drawing of components: e.g. a special publication SP 46 by BIS on Engineering Drawing Practice for Schools and Colleges that cover all standards related to engineering drawing.