Four taxa in the Clade Gnathifera characterized by complex cuticular jaws cuticle tough, flexible non-mineral material; often provides protection Phyla of the Clade Ganthifera Gnathostomulida
Gnathifera
Four taxa in the Clade Gnathifera characterized by complex cuticular jaws cuticle tough, flexible non-mineral material; often provides protection Phyla of the Clade Ganthifera Gnathostomulida Micrognathozoa
Gnathifera
Four taxa in the Clade Gnathifera characterized by complex cuticular jaws cuticle tough, flexible non-mineral material; often provides protection Phyla of the Clade Ganthifera Gnathostomulida Micrognathozoa Rotifera
Gnathifera
Four taxa in the Clade Gnathifera characterized by complex cuticular jaws cuticle tough, flexible non-mineral material; often provides protection Phyla of the Clade Ganthifera Gnathostomulida Micrognathozoa Rotifera Acanthocephala Gnathifera
Four Lophotrochozoan Phyla of unknown relationship to members of the Clade Gnathifera Cycliophora Gastrotricha Entoprocta Ectoprocta
3 pairs of jaws
1 2 3
Trunk
Foot
2N female
Amictic
2N
2N
Diploid Parthenogenesis
2N
Amictic female
2N female
Amictic
Temporary habitats Env. Factors cause amictic eggs to develop into diploid mictic females mictic females produce haploid eggs if not fertilized, develop into males if fertilized, become thick-shelled mictic eggs that are dormant & survive winter favorable conditions return, develop into amictic females
2N
Stimulus: crowding, diet, photoperiod
2N 2N
fertilization
2N
Mictic female
Sexual Reproduction
N
haploid egg
meiosis
N
male
crypts
Adhesive disc
Adhesive disc
Reproduction some dioecious Stalk some monoecious most protandrous hermaphrodites first produces sperm and then eggs Adhesive disc
zooids
zoecium has small trap-door called an operculum cilia on tentacles for feeding complete U-shaped gut, anus open outside of feeding tentacles (hence the name) Digestion extracellular in stomach, intracellular in intestine no resp., circ., or excretory organs no specialized sense organs
Figure 9_10b
Importance:
Mesodermal lining of coelom provided attachment-points for organs (mesentaries) ideal locations for vessel networks suspended alimentary canal allowed greater specialization of organ systems allowed evolution of larger, more complex animals