HUMAN

PHYSICS The Best Creatures

PSYCHOLOGIST Unique

Individual Creatures of God

Social

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Etika Profesi Sanitarian / Marsum

Bradshaw identifies four main categories of need:

Normative need is need which is identified according to a norm (or set standard); such norms are generally set by experts. Benefit levels, for example, or standards of unfitness in houses, have to be determined according to some criterion.

12/7/2013

Etika Profesi Sanitarian / Marsum

 Comparative need concerns problems which emerge by comparison with others who are not in need. One of the most common uses of this approach has been the comparison of social problems in different areas in order to determine which areas are most deprived.

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Etika Profesi Sanitarian / Marsum

 Expressed need is the need which they say they have. People can feel need which they do not express and they can express needs they do not feel. Felt need is need which people feel - that is, need from the perspective of the people who have it.
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Self-Actualization Esteem Needs

Love Needs
Safety Needs Physiological Needs
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological Needs: Physiological needs are the very basic needs such as air, water, food, sleep, sex, etc. When these are not satisfied we may feel sickness, irritation, pain, discomfort, etc. These feelings motivate us to alleviate them as soon as possible to establish homeostasis. Once they are alleviated, we may think about other things.
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 Safety Needs: Safety needs have to do with establishing stability and consistency in a chaotic world. These needs are mostly psychological in nature. We need the security of a home and family.
However, if a family is dysfunction, i.e., an abusive husband, the wife cannot move to the next level because she is constantly concerned for her safety.
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 Love and belongingness have to wait until she is no longer cringing in fear. Many in our society cry out for law and order because they do not feel safe enough to go for a walk in their neighborhood. Many people, particularly those in the inner cities, unfortunately, are stuck at this level. In addition, safety needs sometimes motivate people to be religious. Religions comfort us with the promise of a safe secure place after we die and leave the insecurity of this world.
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 Love Needs: Love and belongingness are next on the ladder. Humans have a desire to belong to groups: clubs, work groups, religious groups, family, gangs, etc. We need to feel loved (nonsexual) by others, to be accepted by others.
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 Performers appreciate applause. We need to be needed. Beer commercials, in addition to playing on sex, also often show how beer makes for camaraderie. When was the last time you saw a beer commercial with someone drinking beer alone?
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 Esteem Needs: There are two types of esteem needs. First is self-esteem which results from competence or mastery of a task. Second, there's the attention and recognition that comes from others. This is similar to the belongingness level, however, wanting admiration has to do with the need for power. People who have all of their lower needs satisfied, often drive very expensive cars because doing so raises their level of esteem. "Hey, look what I can afford-peon!"
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 Self-Actualization: actualization is "the and more what everything that becoming."

The desire one one

need for selfto become more is, to become is capable of

People who have everything can maximize their potential. They can seek knowledge, peace, esthetic experiences, self-fulfillment, oneness with God, etc. It is usually middle-class to upper-class students who take up environmental causes, join the Peace Corps, go off to a monastery, etc.
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15 human desires dan values by StevenReiss dan Susan Havercamp

1. Food keinginan untuk makan 2. Honor (morality) keinginan bertingkah laku sesuai dengan peraturan 3. Rejection ketakutan disingkirkan secara sosial atau dikucilkan, tidak diterima dalam satu kelompok
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4. Sex keinginan untuk berhubungan seksual dan berfantasi seksual 5. Physical exercise keinginan untuk melakukan aktivitas fisik

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6. Order keinginan banyak berorganisasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari 7. Independence keinginan untuk membuat keputusan sendiri 8. Vengeance keinginan membalas dendam ketika disakiti hatinya
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 9.Social contact keinginan berada dalam satu kelompok dengan yang lainnya 10.Family keinginan menghabiskan waktu bersama keluarganya sendiri

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 11.Social prestige keinginan mendapatkan gengsi dan perhatian 12.Aversive sensations tidak ingin merasa sakit dan gelisah 13.Citizenship keinginan menjadi pelayan publik dan mewujudkan keadilan sosial 14.Power keinginan mempengaruhi orang lain. 15.Curiosity keinginan untuk belajar
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