A Caribbean case
Boys at risk: unemployment, disengagement, violent crime, bad fathers
Behaviour: at risk, poor attitude, low interest levels, learned helplessness, de-motivation, disengagement Lower levels of academic achievement for boys; lower retention through secondary and tertiary education. Absence of male role models / male marginalisation / retreat into physicality
Vulnerability
Womens and girls acute vulnerability in disasters is due to a host of gendered factors, including cultural or religious restrictions on female mobility, as well as differences in the socialisation of girls which means they may not be equipped with the same survival skills as their brothers. Women in Bangladesh did not leave their houses during floods because it was regarded as culturally inappropriate, and that those who did were unable to swim
Role modelling
In poor households throughout the world, women go without food for the benefit of their children or male family members As food prices rise, poor households tend to experience a reduction in the quality or quantity of food they are able to purchase, with women most likely to make a sacrifice
Missing school
In Ethiopia as water sources are depleted by prolonged droughts, girls spend greater time collecting water for drinking, cooking and washing for the household. In the Lalibela district of Ethiopia the time girls spent fetching water increased substantially each day during drought periods. Fetching water could then take up to six hours a day, previously around two hours, making it increasingly difficult for girls to go to school, remain and succeed in school. Fetching water also puts their safety at risk.
Stereotypes
Boys are. Girls are
Disruptive behaviour
Research from Antigua and Kenya primary and secondary schools found that girls can find boys a serious source of disruption in the classroom:
Like the boys mostly, they like, interrupt the class. They would disrespect the teacher very terribly. (Girl, Antiguan primary school)