UNDERGRADUATE THESIS FORMAT

By DR. CRISPINA R. CORPUZ Full Professor, CBA-BMD

Preparing your Undergraduate Thesis

Thesis Timeline Document Layout Document Content and Organization Citation of References Preparation of Oral Presentation

Thesis Timeline
Deadline Chapter 1 June 23, 2012 Deadline Revised Ch 1 & Ch 2 June 30, 2012 Deadline Revised Ch 1, ch 2 & ch 3 July 6 Floating of Survey Questionnaires up to Aug. 17, 2012 Submission of Chapters 1-5 with preliminaries, references & appendices Sept. 1 Oral defense schedule up to Sept 29 Revision, editing and hardbound

Pagination
The entire thesis (every single page) must be paginated in one consecutive numbering sequence, with the number printed on each page. The title page is always considered to be page 1, and is the only page that does not require that the page number be included. Every page must be included in the count Page number should be placed at the upper right hand corner.

Pagination
Use roman numeral in the preliminary portion of the paper Start using consecutive Arabic numerals on the first page of the Introduction

Page layout (margin, header, footer, line spacing)

Top, bottom, and both side margins must be at least one inch to allow for binding and trimming. All information (text headings, notes, and illustrations), excluding page numbers, must be within the text area. The thesis text should be doublespaced, although peripheral parts like the abstract, title page, acknowledgments, table of contents, bibliography and appendices should be single-spaced. Indent the first line of each paragraph.

Typeface and Size

The main body of the text, including appendices, title page and table of contents, Typeface and Size Arial , Font size 12

Page Length
For undergraduate thesis minimum of 45 pages excluding preliminaries

Language & Writing Style

The third-person point of view is generally used.

Document Formatting
All Undergraduate theses must be formatted in a consistent manner so that evaluations are based on content, not presentation. The following section defines this format. 1. Title page a. The title page should contain the title, the name of the author/s, maximum of three The degree to be awarded , The date submitted

THE PRELIMINARIES

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Title Page
(in a statement form) Subject Local Population Period

APPROVAL SHEET

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ABOUT THE ENROLLMENT PROCEDURES OF DE LA SALLE DASMARIAS AND DE LA SALLE MANILA

A Research Proposal Presented to Faculty of the College of Business Administration De La Salle University - Dasmarinas

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Business Administration

Erex de Ocampo

John Reynald Rayco Ramon Soriao October, 2010

DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY DASMARINAS

CERTFICATION
This research proposal entitled Relationship, prepared and submitted by Erex de Ocampo, John Reynald Rayco and Ramon Sorias n partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor, has been examined and recommended for oral presentation

Approval Sheet

DR. CRISPINA R. CORPUZ Adviser

______________________________________________ APPROVAL
Approved by the PANEL OF EXAMINERS on oral presentation on (date) with the grade of (__) _______________________ Chair _________________ _________________ Member Member Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Business administration.

DR. CRISPINA R. CORPUZ DR. OSCAR P. LACAP JR. Thesis Coordinator Chair. Business Management Department

Mary Felidora Angelica Amparo Dean, CBAA

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, the researchers give thanks God Almighty for the wisdom and the strength to finish this study:

Acknowledgement

To the following, grateful acknowledgement is also expressed: Dr. CRISPINA R. CORPUZ., their mentor and adviser for her critical comments and suggestions to improve their paper. Their friends at DLSU Dasmarinas who continuously inspire them to grow professionally. Never to forget their families for their love and understanding.

JR / RS/ED .

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS PRELIMINARIES Page Title Page Acknowledgment Table of Contents iv List of Tables List of Figures vi Chapter 1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Design

27 i ii 28 Population Frame and Description of Respondents

Research Instruments
v 29 Data Gathering Procedure 29 Statistical Treatment of Data 30

BIBLIOGRAPHY Introduction Background of the Study Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework Statement of the Problem 7 Hypotheses of the Study Significance of the Study Scope and Delimitation Definition of Terms 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Foreign Literature 7 8 8 9 1 3 4 5 APPENDICES Letter to Respondents Questionnaire Curriculum Vitae

11
Local Literature 13 Foreign Studies 15 Local Studies 20

LIST OF TABLES Table Title 1 2 Response Code Page 20

List of Tables (captions)

Perception of the Firm-Respondents on the Extent of Implementation of Green Management Practice 26 Summary of Assessment of the Extent/Frequency of Implementation of Green Management Practices

26

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1

Title Approaches to Being Green

Page 4 5

List of Figures (graphs, charts and other illustrations)

2 3

Research Paradigm of the Study

Demographic Profile Distribution of the Firm-Respondent According to Nature of Business 23 Demographic Profile Distribution of the Firm-Respondent According to Years of Operation 24 Demographic Profile Distribution of the Firm-Respondent According to Number of Employees 25

TEXT OF THE THESIS

(composed of the five chapters of the manuscript using the past tense of the verb)

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Document Content and layout

CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND All caps, center Introduction. Introduce your proposed topic briefly in an opening paragraph. Indicate your objective (What?) and motivation (Why?).

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction

The Greening of Management is a new system of management practices that provide firms with information about environment. It is the recognition of the close link between an organizations decisions and activities and its impact on the natural environment. Green stands for growth, profit and long-term competitive advantage.
Green Management is a management philosophy which encourages respect for nature and contributes to the prosperity of human life and conservation of the environment. It is basically an extension of the total quality approach to the area of environmental management.

Introduction
A statement of the goal of the paper: why the study was undertaken, or why the paper was written. Sufficient background information to allow the reader to understand the context and significance of the question you are trying to address. In the introduction to your paper, clearly state a. the problem you wish to explain and

Statement of the Problem

1. What is the profile of the cooperative union in terms of regional location, date of registration and number of members upon registration at CDA? 2. What is the profile of the primary cooperative members in terms of cooperative union location, cooperative affiliation, cooperative classification, years of operation, asset size, and volume of transaction or profitability?

Introduction background of the study which will introduce the statement of the problem. Statement of the Problem a. Major Problem (an expanded reiteration of the title but expressed as problem) b. Sub-problem (to support the development of the major problem)

Statement of the Research Objectives

1. Determine the difference between cooperative federations and cooperative unions in terms of programs and services offered to members. 2. Recommend solutions/activities/programs to cooperative unions that will serve as encouragement to member cooperatives to continue patronizing the cooperative unions where they are currently affiliated.

Conceptual Framework
Input Process Output Cause and Effect Relationship Variable: a concept that can take on different values or that has two or more categories from case to case

Independent Variable: the cause

The independent variable influences or causes the dependent variable The independent variable causes the dependent variable to change Sometimes called the predictor variable.

Dependent Variable: the effect

This is the variable that should be the effect in the cause-effect relationship. Its value depends on the value of the independent variable.

Conceptual Framework INPUT

Green Management Green Management Practice of selected manufacturing firms in FCIE Legal Approach Market Approach
Stakeholder Approach

PROCESS

OUTPUT

Assessment of the Green Management Application

Improved Competitive Advantage Sustainable growth

Activist Approach
Figure 2
Research Paradigm of the Study Figure 2 illustrates the Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model employed by the researcher. The systems view was adapted because decisions and actions taken in by organization will affect others and vice versa. The different green management practices namely: legal, market, stakeholder and activist approach were treated as the input variables. This practices defined the different environmental approaches this firms are using with respect to environmental issues. The application of green management practices were the subject of assessment by the firm-respondents. This application will determine the degree of their environmental sensitivity and how they respond to the environmental preferences of their customers and the demands of their stakeholders. The processes yielded findings on the current green management practices reflective of improved competitive advantage and sustainable growth. Since any recommendations to be made will reflect a future scenario, management should consider the present events hence, feedback is necessary.

Hypothesis tentative conclusions

drawn from the sub-problems; not necessarily hypothesizing all sub-problems but only those intended to tested or proven

Significance of the Study- value of the results of

the study to a specific groups of person a. Establishing a logical need for it due to inadequacies of selected past studies. b. Giving the significance to persons or entities concerned in the study.

Reminders
As the paper unfolds, you should introduce each new section briefly, saying why it is important to your overall argument. Most sections should conclude with a few summary remarks and a transition to the next section. Occasionally, it makes more sense to put the transition at the beginning of the new section. Wherever you put the transitional sentences, they should take the reader smoothly to the next topic.

Reminders
Establish a schedule with your advisor and do it early. Since your thesis project has a definite due date, you should establish a schedule for research and writing, and agree on it with your advisor. Review this schedule with your advisor as the due date approaches.

Reminders
Leave plenty of time for faculty to read your drafts and then for you to revise them. After spending months on research and writing, you will need time to polish the results. Nothing will improve your work more than successive drafts

Scope and Limitation of the Study

definition of where and when the study will be conducted, who the subjects/respondents will be

Timeline/Period Covered Location/Area Other problems encountered while conducting the study

to include limitations, if any, on coverage, area of study, stratification and representatives of sampling. The limitation frank submission of weaknesses and or shortcomings of the study which are not within the control of the researches.

Definition of Terms terms and concepts to be used in the study

a. Standard Definition b. Operational Definition c. Explanation d. Spelling out abbreviation and acronyms

Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
(compilation of ideas about the variables to be investigated)

Literature gathered from books, magazines, journals, and publications

Foreign Local

Studies list of findings of previous studies

Foreign Local (Justification of the present study and its bearing on and relatedness to the reviewed literature and studies)

Writing your Review . .

First give the summary, dont copy and paste if you dont want to be charge with plagiarism When you summarize make use of terms like according to, based on, as pointed out, as presented in and then indicate the surname of the author and the year. After giving the summary be sure to explain how this article, write-up or study is relevant, related to your study. You need to indicate the reason why it is part of your review. . .

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Short introduction to inform your readers about the different topics included in this chapter Sub-titles: Research Design Description of Respondents Sampling Technique Data Gathering Procedure Research Instruments Statistical Treatment of Data

TYPES OF RESEARCH
Research is either: Basic seeks to contribute knowledge through the development of a theory or concept Ex. Effects of smoke belching on pedestrians Applied seeks to provide solutions to problems through the development and evaluation of process and policies that requires specific courses of action Ex. Factors that would enhance participation of students in extra curricular activities By purpose or function (descriptive, exploratory, explanatory, correlational, causal, evaluative) By methods (historical, descriptive, experimental)

Examples
Descriptive: The Economic Conditions of the Filipinos under the Leadership of Gloria Arroyo. Exploratory: Application of Green Marketing Explanatory: Advantages & Disadvantages of Online Enrollment Correlational: Relationship between Educational Attainment of Professors and their Teaching Performance Causal: Impact of Celebrity Endorsement to Sales of Products Evaluative: Assessment of NSTP Classes to Students; their Impact & Contributions Analysis of Corporate Governance in Selective Cooperative Banks in the Philippines

Correlational Research Design

A correlation is a relationship between two variables (or factors that change). These factors can be characteristics, attitudes, behaviors, or events. Correlational research attempts to determine if a relationship exists between the two variables, and the degree of that relationship. Correlations are either positive (to +1.0), negative (to 1.0), or nonexistent (0.0). In a positive correlation, the values of the variables increase or decrease (co-vary) together. In a negative correlation, one variable increases as the other decreases. In a nonexistent correlation, no relationship exists between the variables.

Determinants of Correlation
+ correlation: both variables change in the same direction - correlation: variables change in opposite directions

Example
Trying to find out if there is a positive correlation between educational attainment and teaching performance of professors. Trying to find out if there is a positive correlation between performance evaluation and salary of employees. Higher education is correlated w/ higher income. Lack of social integration & suicide Stress, Patriarchy, Isolation & Abuse

Population Frame &Description of the Respondents

a. Setting b. Respondents c. Sampling Procedure

Description of the Instruments Used

Their relation to the sub-problem or hypothesis

24 Population Frame and Description of Respondents The data and information in this study were obtained from the key informants of the selected manufacturing firms in FCIE in Langkaan, Dasmarinas, Cavite. From the total population of fifty four (54) major locators, the researcher drew a total of twenty one (21) respondents as a sample. Out of the twenty one (21) firm-respondents, fifteen (15) responded positively by returning the questionnaires duly accomplished. Initially, the plan was to cover thetwenty one (21) firm-respondent, unfortunately only fifteen (15) are willing to answer thequestionnaire. This response level meant a turnout of seventy one percent (71%) whichwas eighty six percent (86%) accurate, the margin of error at fourteen percent (14%) which was good enough. The error was calculated based on the actual (N) and the returned questionnaire (n).

Sampling Technique
Probability Sampling
Random, Multi-Stage, Area Sampling, Cluster Sampling Non-Probability Sampling Convenience Purposive Quota - Judgment

25 Sampling Technique Since the topic was very specialized, the researcher opted to use the judgment sampling. Judgment sampling was implemented to select the companies to study, and to select therespondents from each company. The managers was selected since they have experience and extensive knowledge regarding the matter. Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were taken from selected manufacturing firms in FCIE. The total number of sample respondents, were computed using the Sloven formula:
n where: n N e = N ----------1 + Ne = = = sample size population size desired margin of error (0.05)

Data Gathering Procedure

Indicate Sources of Data Primary - gathered through interviews, surveys, experiment etc. Secondary sources of data data from books, journals, magazines, company reports, newsletter etc. Procedures followed to gather all the data including places visited.

Research Instrument
Preparation of Survey Questionnaires Indicate the different parts of the survey i.e. first part about the demographic profile of the respondents; second part questions to measure the problems encountered by the company; and third part questions to find out if there is a positive or negative correlation between two or more variables identified in the study Inform the reader about the validation of the survey. Copy of the survey should be included in the appendices While the actual survey should be submitted to the thesis professor

Statistical Treatment of Data

Indicate the formula of the chosen/appropriate statistical tool in this study.
a. Percentage. The percentage was used to determine the demographic profile of the firm respondent in terms of natureof business, years of operation and number of employees

Percentage
This is a descriptive statistical term which shows the relationship between two sizes, or the relationship of a part of its whole. The formula is: f * % = --------------- 100 n Where: % = percentage distribution f = frequency distribution n = number of respondents

37

b. Mean. This tool was used to determine if there is significant difference in the assessment of green management practices when they are grouped according to demographic profile. A mean is a measure of central tendency used to describe the average value of the response to each question and was adopted using this formula: (Responses per item) * (Scale Value) -------------------------------------------------Number of respondents (n) = = mean number of responses per question

Where:

x n

38 c. Weighted Mean. The weighted mean was interpreted using a 5-point Likert Scale. The concept of the numerical boundary were as follows: Table 1 Response Code ----------------------------------------------------------------Unit Weight Numerical Scores Verbal Interpretation ----------------------------------------------------------------1 0.00 - 1.50 Never 2 1.51 - 2.50 Seldom 3 2.51 - 3.50 Sometimes 4 3.51 4.50 Often 5 4.51 5.00 Always -----------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Reiteration of the Objectives/Problems

Presentation of Data

Analysis (of the data)

Interpretation (of the data) / Implications of the Data

Short intro to inform the reader about the different topics included in this chapter Indicate the first problem before the presentation of data gathered Use either the table or figure format to present the data After each table or figure is your interpretation of the data

Table Format
If possible, print the table on one page. If the table is too large and must be broken up to fit onto two or more pages, write (table continues) in the bottom right corner of each page, and (continued) in the upper left corner of the next page. Print the entire table heading again on each page, numbering individual columns if necessary.

Example of Table Format

Table 1 Gender Profile of the Respondents __________________________________ Gender Frequency % __________________________________

___________________________________ Interpretations follow

Example of Figure Format

Figure 1 Sales for the Four Quarters

Chapter 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Chapter 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Short introduction to inform your reader about the different topics included in this chapter Indicate your sub-problem before the presentation of summary of findings and conclusions. Your findings, conclusions and recommendations should be synchronize, meaning, if you have 5 findings, you also need 5 conclusions and recommendations. Use number format for this chapter.

Summary (brief abstract of the entire study, from Chapter II to III, optional) Summary of Findings (to dovetail with the sub-problems) Conclusions (on the basis of the summary of findings) Recommendations (if possible, on the basis of the conclusion, and some additional and significant recommendations which have also bearing on the study)

BIBLIOGRAPHY and APPENDICES

Bibliography a comprehensive list, not forgetting to include documentation used in the text of the study-all others, listed are expected to have been read by the researcher. Appendices to be included in full test clarify points brought out in the test for more details a. Cover Letter b. Questionnaire c. Curriculum Vitae (would, among other things, reveal the capacity of the researcher to conduct the study)

Citations for Print Sources

Book Author(s)/Editor(s) Year, in parentheses Book Title Series Title and volume Total pages Publisher Location (city and state/country) Article in Book Author(s) Year, in parentheses Article Title Book Title Edition Editor(s) Page(s) of article in book Publisher Location (city and state/country)

Example
Kotler, P. (1994). Marketing management (8th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. McDougall, I., and T. M. Harrison (Eds.) (1999), Geochronology and Thermochronology by the 40Ar/39Ar Method, 2nd ed., 269 pp., Oxford University Press, New York.

Citation for journals

Article in Journal Author(s) Year, in parentheses Article Title Journal Title Volume Number in italics Page(s) Article in Journal with digital citation references Author(s) Year, in parentheses Article Title Journal Title Volume Number in italics Issue Number in parentheses Page(s) or Citation Number

Example
Pranikar, J., Cirman, A., & Domadenik, P. (2001). Investment activities of Slovenian companies in the countries of former Yugoslavia. Economic and Business Review, 3(2), 137154. Budetta, G., and D. Carbone (1998), Temporal variations in gravity at Mt. Etna (Italy) associated with the 1989 and 1991 eruptions, Bulletin of Volcanology, 59, 311-326.

Formatting and Citation of Internet Sources

<http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_docelectric.html>.

After citing internet address, include information about the author of the article, and date of retrieval. M Kariera Zaposlitveni portal [M career Employment portal]. Retrieved May 15, 2009, from http://www.mercator.si/kariera

Appendices
Consist of the following: Questionnaires used Computer data-processing printouts - letter to respondent/s Advisers acceptance form -Title approval sheet -certification from English Editor/statistician Other materials

Advisers Acceptance Form

(Name

of Professor)

Hereby accepts the proponents: _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________

as thesis advisees for their study;

____________________________ (Title of Study)

for the school year 2011-2012

Conforme: ___________________________
Date: _____________________

Note: this form should be part of appendices

TITLE APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis hereto entitled research project The title of the

Prepared and submitted by <Put names of proponents> in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Business Operations and Management is recommended for acceptance and approval.. <Name of Adviser> ADVISER Name of Professor Thesis Professor

Note: this form should be part of your appendices

Certification from the Editor

Dear Dr. _________: This is to certify that the research paper entitled, Title of Research ____________________________________________________ _____________ of ______________________________________________ Name of Researcher/s

has been edited by the undersigned. Respectfully yours, _____________________________________ Printed Name & Signature of English Editor

Thank You for Listening!