AQS 1101 UNDERSTANDING WORKING DRAWING LECTURES:

1. DRAWING AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP 2. DRAWING AND DRAFTING TECHNIQUES (PART 2)

AQS 1101 Week 3, 26/9/2012 Semester 1, 2012/2013
Asst Prof Dr Aliyah Nur Zafirah Sanusi

Lecture 1: Drawing and Their Interrelationship

Working Drawing Other Construction Drawings

Types of Architectural Drawings

Presentation drawings

Survey drawings
Record drawings Working drawings

Presentation Drawing
Drawings intended to explain a scheme and to promote its

merits. Typically include people, vehicles and tress

Presentation Drawing

Survey Drawing
Measured drawings of existing land, structures and

buildings. Architects need an accurate set of survey drawings as a basis for their working drawings, to establish exact dimensions for the construction work. Surveys are usually measured and drawn up by specialist land surveyor.

Record Drawing
Historically, architect have made record drawings in order

to understand and emulate the great architecture known to them. Record drawings are also used in construction projects, where as-built drawings of the completed building take account of all the variations made during the course of construction. Record a drawing of a completed building. Drawing reproduction

Wilton House, Wilton, England

Working Drawing

Working Drawing

Purpose of Working Drawing

To obtain the local authoritys approval

To assist the specialized engineer to prepare structural

drawings As a base measurement to prepare Bill of Quantities (BQ) and tender documents To enable the contractor to construct the building

What is Working Drawing?

A comprehensive set of drawings used in a building

construction project:
These will include not only architects drawings but structural and

services engineers drawings etc. Working drawings logically subdivide into location, assembly and component drawings.

Working drawing subdivision Location drawing

Working drawing subdivision

Location drawings, also called general arrangement

drawings, include floor plans, sections and elevations: they show where the construction elements are located.

Working drawing subdivision Assembly drawing

Working drawing subdivision

Assembly drawings show how the different parts are put

together. For example a wall detail will show the layers that make up the construction, how they are fixed to structural elements, how to finish the edges of openings, and how prefabricated components are to be fitted.

Working drawing subdivision Component drawing

Working drawing subdivision

Component drawings enable self-contained elements

e.g. windows and door-sets, to be fabricated in a workshop, and delivered to site complete and ready for installation.
Larger components may include roof trusses, cladding panels,

cupboards and kitchens. Complete rooms, especially hotel bedrooms and bathrooms, may be made as prefabricated pods complete with internal decorations and fittings.

Lecture 2: Drawing and Drafting Techniques (Part 2)

Geometry and Scaling Symbols and Conventions Title Block Building Codes and Standards

Geometry and Scaling

The Geometry of the work is nothing more than a basic

common sense. Geometry provides us with the ability to lay out general graphic shapes.
Scaling in architectural work is vital. All drawings (with exceptions isometric, services

diagrams, etc) should be drawn to scale Should be given with one set of the scale.

What is Scale?
Scale is a RATIO representing the size of an illustration or reproduction, especially a map or a model, in relation to the object it represents
Microsoft Encarta 2007

Drawing Scales
Key Plan/Location Plan Site Plan
(Showing the whole site)

Scales 1:200, 1:250, 1:500, 1:750, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:2500, 1:5000, 1:7500, 1:10000 1:100, 1:200 1:100, 1:200 (Follow the floor plan scale) 1:100, 1:200 (Follow the floor plan scale) 1:50

Floor Plans Roof Plans Elevations & Sections Toilet Detail

Other details

1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50

Drawing Scales
Important Note: Scale use in the drawing varies depending on Type, scale, complexity, or detailing
Architectural works L.A. works I.D. works Civil & infrastructure works Structure works M & E works Small: bungalow, etc. Big: Master plan of residential buildings, etc. Hospitals, Airports, High-rise, Marine structure, Bridges, etc. High-end building, Palaces, Detail of carpentry works Equipments

of a project

What is a Scale Bar?

However, Scale Bar is useless without a map or drawing.

Symbols and Conventions

The degree of detail used in representing any element is dependent on the scale at which it is shown. The examples given indicate what may be considered appropriate for various scales.
Scale 1:100

Scale 1:50

Scale 1:20

Symbols and Conventions

Symbols and Conventions

*CMU = Concrete Masonry Unit

Symbols and Conventions

Symbols and Conventions

Abbreviations
R.C.

Alum.
c/c FFL NTS CMU

-Reinforced Concrete -Aluminium -centre to centre -finished floor plan -not to scale -concrete masonry unit

What is a Title Block

The Title Block is an important element found in professional

architectural drawings that contains data about the drawing. It is located either at the right end or at the bottom of the drawing paper. Title Blocks usually contain information such as: 1. Project Title 2. Client name, address and i/c (if individual) 3. Consultants name and address, logo 4. Drawing Title 5. Drawing No. 6. Drawing Status 7. Scale of drawing 8. Drawn By & Checked By 9. Date 10. Note (Amendments, corrections, etc.)

Example of a Title Block

Example of a Title Block

Building Codes and Standards

Uniform Building by-Laws

The Architects Handbook

Etc (Local Authority)

----------Design guidelines ----------Dimensions and Specifications ----------Installations ----------Materials and constructions

References/Bibliography
Styles, K. (2004). Working Drawings Handbook. 4th

Edition. Oxford: Architectural Press.

Lieberg Ralph, W. (1990). Architectural Working

Drawings. 3rd Edition. Canada: John Wiley & Sons.

Kottas, D. (2008). The Architects Handbook. Singapore:

Page One Publishing Pte Ltd.

Homework
Individual work

Submit on the 3rd October 2012

2pm (QS studio Level 2) TASK: (A4 papers) 1. Answer given Quiz 2. List down/sketch 10 symbols (other than the quiz) 3. List down 10 abbreviations (other than the quiz) 4. Support with reference/sources 5. Write your name and matric number

Thank You. May Allah blessed you for being a good learner.