RESPIRATION

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1.3 Realising the importance of a healthy respiratory system.

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1.3.1

List of substances which are harmful to the respiratory

system,

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What is the harmful substances to our respiratory system?

Tetrachloroethane

Dichloroethane
Trichloropropane Dichloropropane

Butanone
Acrolein Aluminum

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 Ammonia
Antimony Arsenic

Beryllium
Bis(chloromethyl) Ether Cadmium Carbon Monoxide Chlorine

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 Chlorine Dioxide & Chlorite Chromium

Cobalt
Cresols Dichloropropenes

Fluorides, Hydrogen Fluoride, and

Fluorine

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 Formaldehyde
Asbestos Fuel Oils / Kerosene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HCCPD) Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) Hydraulic Fluids Hydrazines

Hydrogen Sulfide
Ionizing Radiation Jet Fuels JP-5 and JP-8

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 Malathion Manganese

n-Nitrosodiphenylamine
Naphthalene, 1-Methylnapthalene, 2Methylnapthalen Nickel Plutonium Propylene Glycol Radon

Sulfur Dioxide

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 Sulfur Trioxide & Sulfuric Acid Synthetic Vitreous Fibers Tetrachloroethylene (PERC) Tetryl

Thorium
Tin and Compounds Titanium Tetrachloride Tungsten Vanadium Vinyl Acetate White Phosphorus

Zinc

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1.3.2 Explain the effects of pollutants on the respiratory system

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Chemical Pollution Chemical pollutants from manufacturing companies

such as smog, exhaust from diesel fueled vehicles,

inhaled gases such as huffing, high red zone days that are high temperatures, high humidity, and increase pollen counts are effect the healthy of respiratory system

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Air pollution

Nicotine and tar (from the smoke of cigarettes), sulphur dioxide (from factories), and carbon monoxide (from the

smoke of vehicles) and haze, are effect the healthy of

respiratory system

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1.3.3 Effects of harmful substances such as toxin and carcinogen on the respiratory system.

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1.3.3.1

Toxin

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A poisonous substance, especially a protein, that is produced by living cells or organisms and is

capable of causing disease when introduced into

the body tissues but is often also capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies or antitoxins.

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 The most common effect of chemical substances

(toxic) on the respiratory tract is irritation.

Toxicity can result from the irritant and/or corrosive properties of a chemical, with effects ranging from

minor irritations that are relatively reversible to

extensive damage resulting in permanent disability or death. It can occur in any of the three anatomical divisions of the lung.

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 Examples of irritant gases include chlorine, sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and ammonia. The extent of damage depends on the nature of the

chemical, as well as the duration and concentration

of the exposure.

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1.3.3.2

Carcinogen

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 A substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue. Carcinogens are also often, but not necessarily, mutagens or teratogens. Carcinogens may cause cancer by altering cellular metabolism or damaging DNA directly in cells, which interferes with normal biological processes. A flatoxin B1, which is produced by the fungus Aspergillums flavus growing on stored grains, nuts and

peanut butter, is an example of a potent, naturallyoccurring microbial carcinogen.

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 Cooking protein-rich food at high temperatures, such as broiling or barbecuing meats, can lead to the formation of many potent carcinogens that are comparable to those found in cigarrette smoke (i.e., benzo[a]pyrene). Pre-cooking meats in a microwave oven for 2-3 minutes before broiling can help minimize the formation of these carcinogens.

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1.3.4
List the diseases that affect the respiratory system,

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Respiratory disease Any condition that affects the respiratory system is referred to as a respiratory disease or disorder. Respiratory disease is diseases of the respiratory system. These include diseases of the lung, pleural cavity, bronchial tubes, trachea, upper respiratory tract and of the nerves and muscles of breathing.

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 Asthma Asbestosis Black Lung Bronchiolitis Bronchitis Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

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 Cold Emphysema Empyema Eosinophilic Pneumonia

Laryngeal Cancer
Laryngomalacia Legionnaires' Disease Lung Cancer

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 Common cold Influenza

Sinusitis
Pharyngitis and tonsillitis Lymphagioleiomyomatosis LAM Persistent Cough Pleurisy (Pleuritis)

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 Pulmonary Fibrosis Respiratory Distress Syndrome Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Sarcoidosis Pneumonia Pneumothorax Pulmonary Embolism

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 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Silicosis

Sinus Infection
Tonsillitis Tuberculosis Valley Fever

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1.3.5 How to improve the quality

of air.

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5 Simple Steps to Improve Indoor Air Quality

1) Keep your floors fresh. Suck it up.

Chemicals and allergens can accumulate in household dust for

decades. By using a vacuum with a HEPA filter you can reduce concentrations of lead in your home. You can also get rid of other toxins, like brominated fireretardant chemicals (PBDEs) as well as allergens like pollen, pet dander, and dust mites.

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 Mop it up. Mopping picks up the dust that vacuuming leaves behind. You can skip the soaps and cleaners and just use plain water to capture any lingering dust or allergens. New microfiber mops (and dust cloths) reportedly capture

more dust and dirt than traditional fibers and dont require
any cleaning solutions whatsoever.

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 Keep it out. Put a large floor mat at every door.

People track in all sorts of chemicals via the dirt on

their shoes. A door mat reduces the amount of dirt, pesticides, and other pollutants from getting into your home. If the mat is big enough, even those who don't wipe their shoes will leave most pollutants on the mat -- not the floors in your home.

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2) Keep a healthy level of humidity. Dust mites and mold love moisture. Keeping humidity around 30%-50% helps keep them and other allergens under control.

A dehumidifier (and air conditioner during summer months) helps

reduce moisture in indoor air and effectively controls allergens, Lang says. An air conditioner also reduces indoor pollen count -- another plus for allergy-sufferers.

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More tips for dehumidifying your home: Use an exhaust fan or crack open a window when cooking, running the dishwasher, or bathing. Don't overwater houseplants. Vent the clothes dryer to the outside.

Fix leaky plumbing to prevent moisture-loving mold.

Empty drip pans in your window air conditioner and dehumidifier

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3) Make your home a no-smoking zone.

"Probably the single most important aspect of indoor air pollution is secondhand cigarette smoke," says Philip Landrigan, MD, a pediatrician and director of the Children's Environmental Health Center at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals. Research shows that secondhand smoke increases a child's risk of developing ear and respiratory infections, asthma, cancer, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). For the smoker, this addiction causes cancer, breathing problems, heart attacks, and stroke.

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4) Test for radon. Whether you have a new or old home, you could have a

radon problem.
This colorless, odorless gas significantly raises the risk of lung cancer. Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the U.S. today. If you smoke and your home has high radon levels, your risk of lung cancer is especially high.

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5) Smell good naturally. You may associate that lemony or piney scent with a clean kitchen or clean clothes. But synthetic fragrances in laundry products and air fresheners emit dozens of different chemicals into the air. You wont find their names on the product labels. Conventional laundry detergents, fabric softeners, dryer sheets, and air fresheners in solid, spray, and oil form may all emit such gasses.

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