Egyptian Architecture

Geographical: Egypt known as the land of pharaoh and dessert land Geological:
Stone abundant building materials. Sand dried bricks - made up of clay and chopped stone for pyramid and temples. Soft stones - limestone, sandstone, alabaster Hard stone - granite, quartzite, basalt, porphyry

Climatic:
Structure have no downspout , drainage , gutters due to absence of rain. No windows to cut heat penetration and sandstorm.

Religious:

Pyramid were built because they believe in life after death and political: for the preservation of dead body. Social and Egyptian civilization is the most ancient of which we have any clear knowledge. Our information is derived from the Old Testament, and from Greek and Latin authors, as well as from internal records on papyri and tablets, but more particularly from Egyptian buildings with their inscriptions, through which it is traced back more than 4,000 years before the Christian era. Monarchy form of government Pharaoh king of Egypt , ruler.

Egypt. There are 138 pyramids discovered in Egypt as of 2008. Most were built as tombs for the country's Pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods.
The earliest known Egyptian pyramids are found at Saqqara, northwest of Memphis. The earliest among these is the Pyramid of Djoser (constructed 2630 BCE2611 BCE) which was built during the third dynasty. This pyramid and its surrounding complex were designed by the architect Imhotep, and are generally considered to be the world's oldest monumental structures constructed of dressed masonry. The estimate of the number of workers it took to build the pyramids have a wide range from a few thousand, twenty thousand, and up to 100,000. The most famous Egyptian pyramids are those found at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo. Several of the Giza pyramids are counted among the largest structures ever built. The Pyramid of Khufu at Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid. It

Pyramid of djoser : architect imhotep

Egyptian architecture is the architecture of ancient Egypt, one of the most influential civilizations throughout history, which developed a vast array of diverse structures and great architectural monuments along the Nile, among the largest and most famous of which are the Great Pyramid of Giza and the Great Sphinx of Giza.

The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact. Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb for fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops in Greek) over an approximately 20-year period concluding around 2560 BC. Initially at 146.5 metres (481 feet), the Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years. Originally, the Great Pyramid was covered by casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface; what is seen today is the underlying core structure. Some of the casing stones that once covered the structure can still be seen around the base. There have been varying scientific and alternative theories about the Great Pyramid's construction techniques. Most accepted construction hypotheses are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a quarry and dragging and lifting them into place.

The Great Sphinx of Giza commonly referred to as the Sphinx, is a limestone statue of a reclining or couchant sphinx (a mythical creature with a lion's body and a human head) that stands on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile in Giza, Egypt. It is the largest monolith statue in the world, standing 73.5 metres (241 ft) long, 19.3 metres (63 ft) wide, and 20.22 m (66.34 ft) high.[1] It is the oldest known monumental sculpture, and is commonly believed to have been built by ancient Egyptians of the Old Kingdom during the reign of the pharaoh Khafra (c. 25582532 BC.

Tombs for ancient Egyptians

Mastaba were built for rich people. A mastaba was flat stone made of sun baked mud bricks. These bricks gave protection to the mummy inside from the harmful effects of nature. Inside were painted scenes called reliefs. These scenes were of the Afterlife. Also inside a mastaba is a very long, narrow shaft in an L-shape. The mummy was put at the bottom of it at night. The Egyptians made it a very long, narrow shaft so that robbers could not steal the mummy and its treasures. Outside of a mastaba tomb is a picture of the deceased (the person buried in the tomb) carved and painted on it. Pyramids Evolve from mastaba , with four sides facing the cardinal points, they were made by 100,000 men for 100 years. Rock cut tomb is a burial chamber that is cut into the living rock usually along the side of a hill. It was a common form of burial for the wealthy in ancient times.