MANAJEMEN KEPERAWATAN

OLEH : LAODE KAMALIA

TIU (Tujuan Instruksional Umum)

Selesai Belajar Mata Kuliah ini mahasiswa dapat mengelola pelayanan keperawatan secara efektif dan efisien.

TIK (Tujuan Instruksional Khusus)

Setelah menyelesaikan pembelajaran ini mahasiswa diharapkan dapat : 1. Menerapkan gaya, pendekatan dan strategi untuk mempengaruhi individu dan kelompok terhadap penentuan dan pencapaian tujuan dalam suatu situasi khusus; 2. Merancang suatu rencana perubahan dalam lingkungan kerjanya sebagai pembantu dalam lingkup tanggung jawabnya; 3. Menyusun falsafah, sasaran dan kebijakan untuk kegiatan keperawatan; 4. Menggunakan pendekatan pemecahan masalah dan merencanakan kegiatan2 keperawatan;

TIK (Tujuan Instruksional Khusus)

5. Menunjukkan keterampilan mengorganisir dan mengkoordinasi kegiatan keperawatan secara efektif; 6. Mendelegasikan tugas-tugas dan melakukan supervisi; 7. Menganalisis sistem asuhan keperawatan; 8. Dapat menentukan kualitas pelayanan.

Pokok Bahasan
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Konsep dasar manajemen keperawatan; Teori manajemen dan kepemimpinan; Struktur organisasi keperawatan; Rekrutmen pegawai; Motivasi dan kepuasan kerja; Delegasi dan supervisi; Komunikasi dan negosiasi; Manajemen konflik;

Pokok Bahasan
9. Konsep sistem model pemberian asuhan keperawatan; 10. Aplikasi; 11. Rencana strategi; 12. Timbang terima; 13. Ronde keperawatan; 14. Pengelolaan obat di ruangan;

Pokok Bahasan
15. Kepemimpinan (peran Ka Ru dalam MPKP); 16. Supervisi / delegasi; 17. Motivasi; 18. Komunikator; 19. Pemecahan masalah; 20. Kualitas pelayanan; 21. Penilaian pelayanan tugas.

Buku Kepustakaan :
An Gillies, Nursing Management, Swansburg, Leadership and Management; Chitty, K.K., Professional Nursing, Concepts and challenges, Second ed, Philadelphia WB. Sauders Co. Kamalia, La Ode, Kepemimpinan dan Manajemen Keperawatan;

THE NURSING MANAGEMENT PROCESS

Management is the process of getting work done through others. Nursing management is the process of working through nursing personnel to provide care, cure, and comfort to groups of patients. The nurse managers task is plan, organize, direct, and control available financial, material, and human resources in other to provide effective, economic care to groups of patients. (Dee Ann Gillies, 1994)

The Nursing Management Process :

1. Nursing Process : Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation. 2. Management Process : Data gathering, Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Leading, and Controlling.

The Nursing Management System :

1. Input : Data, Personnel, Equipment, Supplies. 2. Process : Data Gathering, Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Leading, Controlling 3. Output : Patient Care, Staff Development, Research.

Process :
1. Data Gathering : Information about : agency, Clients, employees, resources. 2. Planning : objectives, system, standards, polices, procedures, and budget. 3. Organizing : type of organization, job evaluation, job description, Group work and Team Building. 4. Staffing : patient classification, determining staff need, recruitment, selection, orientation, scheduling, assigning, minimizing abcenteisme, decreasing turn over, staff development.

Process :
5. Leading : Using Power, Problem Solving, Decision making, Effecting Change, Handling conflict, Communication and transactional analysis. 6. Controlling : Quality Improvement, patient audit, performance appraisal, discipline, Labor Relations, Computer information systems

The Nursing Management Process, All System Compnents are Interrelated :

Data Gathering

Planning

Organizing

Staffing

Leading

Controlling

Gathering Data About Agency Client

Input : Data from : Annual report Monthly statistical reports Medical staff reports Quality monitoring data Patient case studies Patient charts Patient interviews Patient surveys Throughput : Processing of patient data by reading, discussing, computing, comparing statistics with national and regional statistics, comparing current with past data
Output : Outcomes of processing patient data: Daily patient census Portion of total patient census composed of patients in each clinical or diagnositic group Average length of stay Incidence of various complications Treatment compliance rates Utilization review information Quality monitoring data Patient staisfaction data

Gathering Data About Nursing Personnel

Input : Data from : Personnel files Employee interview Performance evaluation Counseling records Disciplinary records Personnel profiles Attendance and turn over rates Educational records Exit interviews Equal employment Opportunty reports Academic Course grades Throughput : Processing employee data by Reading Interviewing Discussion with patients Observation of work Consultation with coworkers Comparison with regional or national sstatitics Discussion with employees Output ::
Outcomes of processing data: Knowledge of Seniority rates Educational background Experiential back ground Professional interests Attendance records Turn over rates Skill level Professional aspirations Social abilities Sensitivity to Value, fears Resentments, strengths, Weaknesses Curiosity regarding Motivation factors Group dynamic effects Educational methods Work hazards and difficulties

Staffing
Input Agency purpose and goals Agency objectives Table of organization Job evaluations Job descriptions Labor statistics Local labor pool Interviewing skills Patient classification system Patient census forecasts Throughput Recruiting Assessing Selecting Hiring Orienting Scheduling Assigning Developing Disciplining Promoting
Output Personnel Rosters Payroll rosters Orientation outlines Personnel on / off duty schedules Assignment posters Balance staff / workload ratio Minimal staff absenteeism Minimal use of agency and overtime workers Ready pool of qualified candidates for middle and upper level nursing positions Effective patient care Nurse retention.

Leading
Input Communication skills Personal attractiveness Positional power Nursing expertise Problem solving skills Throughput Assigning Informing Directing Supervising Motivating Counseling Output Effective patient care Employee self actualization Significant contributions to nursing knowledge and techniques through practice adcancement s and research findings

Quality Improvement
Input Length of stay standards for various diagnoses Quality criteria Nursing practice standards Administrative policies Nursing procedures Quality monitoring survey forms Patient outcome standards
Throughput Observation of nurses giving care Comparison of chart records with pre established care standards Analytical survey tours of patient service area Review of morbidity and mortality statistics Peer review Analysis of survival rates, complication rates, length of stay statistics. Analysis of patient interview or questionnaire responses

Output Information for use in Revision of administrative policies, Nursing standards, Nursing procedures, Job descriptions Remedial instruction of nursing staff members Performance counseling of nursing staff members \Disciplining of recalcitrant employees