HSDPA Implementation and Performance

Antti Kuurne HSDPA BP 02 Dec 04

Internal use only. For customer communication , agree with HSDPA Business Program

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

Outline

HSDPA vs. R99 architecture

HSDPA features
HSDPA Performance

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

HSDPA Overview changes to R99 architecture

Architecture Change 2(5)

RNC MAC-d MAC-sh Packet scheduling for HSDPA is moved from RNC to BTS

Iub

BTS MAC-hs

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

HSDPA - Taking WCDMA to the Next Stage

Peak data rate 1.8Mbit/s (in 1st release and later up to 10.7 Mbit/s) Reduced (re)transmission delays Node-B based fast packet scheduling Clearly improved spectral efficiency

Improved Iub efficiency

Improved baseband efficiency
Adaptive modulation and coding
Data rates are optimized dynamically during the session according to radio link quality. This ensures highest possible data rates to end-users.

HSDPA

Fast scheduling

Fast retransmission

To improve QoS data packages are further compressed and BTS schedules data transmission instead of RNC. Fast interleaving (2ms).

Data retransmission is handled by BTS. UE combines correct bits from original transmission and re transmission (and Hard ARQ). This provides fastest possible response.

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

Adaptive Modulation and Coding

Achievable HSDPA Peak Data Rates

Modulation

SF

Code rate

Throughput (5 codes)

Throughput (10 codes)

Throughput (15 codes)

16 QPSK
16 16

1/4
2/4 3/4

600 kbps
1.2 Mbps 1.8 Mbps

1.2 Mbps
2.4 Mbps 3.6 Mbps

1.8 Mbps
3.6 Mbps 5.3 Mbps

16
16QAM 16 16

1/4
2/4 3/4

1.2 Mbps
2.4 Mbps 3.6 Mbps

2.4 Mbps
4.8 Mbps 7.2 Mbps

3.6 Mbps
7.2 Mbps 10.7 Mbps

Uncoded bitrate of 2,4Mbps (Hype, not a user bit rate)

6 NOKIA WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Uncoded bitrate of 4,8Mbps (Hype, not a user bit rate)

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

14,4 Mbps with 4/4 coding (theoretical)

Channel quality (CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC) Data

Instantaneous EsNo [dB]

HSDPA - general principle

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

16QAM3/4 16QAM2/4 QPSK3/4 QPSK2/4

Time [number of TTIs]

UE1

QPSK1/4

Channel quality (CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC)

Data

New base station functions HARQ retransmissions Modulation/coding selection Packet data scheduling (short TTI)

UE2
Users may be time and/or code multiplexed Fast scheduling is done directly in Node-B based on feedback information from UE and knowledge of current traffic state.
7 NOKIA WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

Retransmissions in HSDPA 5(5)

L1 retransmissions are introduced in HSDPA to reduce retransmission delays

Internet server

BTS RNC

L1 retransmissions. L1 retransmission delay ~10 ms

RLC layer retransmissions TCP layer retransmissions. (incl. slow start effect) RLC retransmission delay ~150 ms

UE

TCP and RLC retransmissions already in Release99

8 NOKIA WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

HSDPA with QPSK and 5 codes

Maximum number of HSDPA users per BTS: 16 HS-DSCH is transmitted to one cell at a time from the BTS
Time multiplexed between different cells of the BTS Up to 3 cells per BTS can be enabled for HSDPA

HSDPA functionality Peak data rates up to 1.8 Mbit/s

Maximum HS-PDSCH codes per cell: 5 Maximum HS-SCCH codes per cell: 1 Maximum HS-PDSCH codes per UE: 5 HSDPA channel encoding/decoding functionality HSDPA ARQ handling for MAC-hs HS-DSCH link adaptation based on CQI from the UEs Modulation SF Code rate Throughput (5 codes) Throughput (10 codes)

H-ARQ AMC

Frame Size

Spreading & Multip.

HSDPA

Throughput (15 codes)

16
QPSK 16 16 16QAM
9 NOKIA

1/4
2/4 3/4 2/4 3/4

600 kbps
1.2 Mbps 1.8 Mbps 2.4 Mbps 3.6 Mbps

1.2 Mbps
2.4 Mbps 3.6 Mbps 4.8 Mbps 7.2 Mbps

1.8 Mbps
3.6 Mbps 5.3 Mbps 7.2 Mbps 10.7 Mbps

16 16

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

HSDPA mobility handling with DCH switching

Enables full mobility with HSDPA When entering region without HSDPA support, HS-DSCH to DCH switching is performed
Packet transmission continues on DCH

RAN05 RRM

Radio bearer is mapped to DCH of 0 kbit/s and the user has a signaling radio bearer active only Separate parameter sets for HSDPA UEs in order to control the switching > extended HSDPA coverage If still enough data in buffer, DCH is allocated To avoid ping-ponging between the DCH and the HS-DSCH there is included a guard timer for operators control The following inter-frequency and inter-RAT handover triggers are considered

HS-DSCH can be reallocated when user returns to HSDPA region (in connection with RRC state transitions)
HS-DSCH to DCH switching is performed also in case of interfrequency and inter-RAT handovers

CPICH Ec/N0 of serving cell

CPICH RSCP of serving cell
10 NOKIA WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

UE Tx power Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

HSDPA flow control

Ensures that BTS buffers have enough data for the transmission needs Prevent overflow in the BTS buffer to avoid discarded and retransmitted data Ensures HSDPA capacity by filling the reserved power allocation

UE1 UE2 UE3 RNC buffer

11 NOKIA WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

UE 1 UE2 UE 3 Node-B buffer

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

Scheduling

HSDPA shared control channel power control

5-20% gain in cell throughput

Power control method for the HS-SCCH (High-Speed Shared Control Channel)
Adjusts the HS-SCCH transmit power according to the required power level at the UE Decreases the average power overhead required for this control channel (compared to using a fixed transmit power level for the HSSCCH) Power is adjusted every TTI based on the CQI received from the UEs, as well as Ack/Nack/DTX received on the uplink HS-DPCCH for outer loop adjustments

Estimated HSDPA cell throughput gain is 5%-20% (compared to using fixed HS-SCCH power) depending on the environment and the total power allocated to HSDPA
12 NOKIA WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

HSDPA channel switching

PS channel type selection in downlink

Selection between FACH and DCH/HSDSCH

The HSDPA channel switching determines whether a user in a cell is allocated on the HS-DSCH or not Channel type selection decision is based on several issues including UE capability cell resource availability UE handover status (active set size, IFHO/ISHO measurements) UE multi RAB configuration
Selection between DCH and HSDSCH

Further in-activity detection is used to determine how long to keep HS-DSCH reserved for a given user
Data transfer on HS-DSCH

Data transfer on FACH

Data transfer on DCH

13

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

RAN05 Telecom

HSDPA associated uplink DPCH scheduling HSDPA with high bit rate uplink
Uplink return channel scheduling Enable bit rate up to 384 kbit/s in uplink

- PS data up to 384 kbit/s in UL, HSDPA in DL

PS: HS-DSCH (DL)

Sector info

PS: DCH (UL)

Uplink return channel of approximately 64 kbit/s for TCP acks (without header compression) is required to support 1.8 Mbit/s sustained bit rate in DL over HSDPA Operator selects maximum cell specific datarate of 64, 128 or 384 kbit/s in uplink Similar functionalities are applied for the uplink return channel as is done with DCH without HSDPA in RAN05, including reconfiguration to a smaller data rate in case of congestion or to make room for a CS call (AMR/Video). Functionalities applied are: RAB pre-emption (Other call may override) RT over NRT Decrease of the retried NRT DCH bit rate Enhanced priority based scheduling and overload control Terminal may use the TFC selection to momentarily use lower data rate due to e.g. power limitations or lack of data to be transmitted

14

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

HSDPA power allocation, 50% headroom

BTS Tx power
20W

Power control headroom

15W

13W

9W

Dedicated Channels

Common channels

A
15 NOKIA

B
WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Semi-static HSDPA power allocation Event A: 6W HSDPA power gives high bit rates HSDPA UE entering the cell (4W from R99 and 2W from or CELL_DCH headroom) Power level below PtxTarget_for_HSDPA_admit PtxTarget -> HSDPA is allocated cell specific parameter for PtxTarget_for_HSDPA_release HSDPA power Event B: PtxTarget_for_HSDPA_admit No HSDPA users in CELL_DCH state -> power released -> release timer as parameter RT over NRT in case of nonR99 power reduced 30% from 13.3 W to 9.3 W controllable load exceeds PtxTarget_for HSDPA_admit Rel 99 traffic exceeds PtxTarget_for_HSDPA_releas e, all MAC-d flows are relesed and the transmit power control returned back to Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential PtxTarget
Max power

HSDSCHPriority = 1
Event A: First MAC-d flow entering the cell PtxNC<=PtxtargetHSDPA -> HS-DSCH is selected, otherwise DCH scheduling. When HSDPA power is in use: PtxNC target is Ptxtarget. NRT DCH scheduling upto PtxtargetHSDPA. Event B: PtxnonHSDPA>=Ptxtarget HSDPA+PtxoffsetHSDP A - Overload control actions for NRT DCH(s) started Event C: PtxnonHSDPA>=Ptxtarget HSDPA+PtxoffsetHSDP A - NOKIA No more NRT DCHs, 16 WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP all MAC-d flows in the Node-B Tx power
Max power

Ptxtotal PtxMaxHSDPA Ptx_target

PtxnonHSDPA PtxNC

Ptx_offset_HSDPA Ptx_target_HSDPA

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

HSDSCHPriority = 2
Event A: First MAC-d flow entering the cell Ptxtotal<=PtxtargetHSDPA -> HS-DSCH is selected, otherwise DCH scheduling. Ptxtotal When HSDPA power is in use: PtxNC target is Ptxtarget. NRT DCH scheduling upto PtxMaxHSDPA PtxtargetHSDPA. Event B: PtxnonHSDPA>=Ptxtarget HSDPA+PtxoffsetHSDP PtxnonHSDPA A PtxNC - All MAC-d flows in the cell released Event C: (normal NRT DCH overload control) Ptxtotal>=Ptxtarget+Ptxoffs et - Overload control C A B Non Binding Company Confidential actions for NRT DCH(s) 17 NOKIA WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP Confidential started Node-B Tx power
Max power

Ptx_offset Ptx_target

Ptx_offset_HSDPA Ptx_target_HSDPA

HSDPA RAN05 bit rate cell shared with R99 DCH

Assumptions: -Total BTS power 14W -Orthogon.: 1/(1+2.9d)

1.8 Mbps close to cell site Median data rate at 0.7x distance

-Other cells fully loaded

Approx 250 kbps at the cell edge (G=-4 dB) on HS-DSCH

18

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

Cell Throughput ITU Vehicular A Multipath

Assumptions:
5 spreading codes Round Robin 1 WSPC per cell

DCH throughput w/o HSDPA 780kbit/s

HSDPA+DCH throughput 1080kbit/s (HSDPA 610kbit/s and DCH 470kbit/s) capacity gain ~38%.

19

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

HSDPA BTS packet scheduler

Packet scheduler similar to Round Robin principle is used for the MAC-hs

packets
QoS requirements not considered Users are served in sequential order according to data availability Robust scheduler for achieving good cell throughput Improved in RAN06 with proportional fair packet scheduler

20

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

HSDPA transport with best effort AAL2 QoS

3GPP rel99 Bearer New HSDPA Bearer HSDPA

RNC

Iub BTS
HSDPA max overbooking

RNC maps DCH traffic into AAL2s of default QoS RNC maps HS-DSCH traffic into AAL2s of Best Effort QoS

DCH only pipe

DCH traffic

HSDPA traffic

Shared pipe DCH has strict priority HSDPA only pipe HSDPA reservation = max DCH usage when HSDPA user present

All user plane traffic is carried on the same shared VCC

Background HSDPA traffic is carried over Best Effort AAL2 connections -> No capacity reservation on Iub for any single HSDPA mac-d flow

Instead, Iub capacity can be reserved for the aggregate of HSDPA users in the BTS. 21 NOKIA WCDMA / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP Non Binding the Company Confidential This allows anRAN efficient sharing of IubConfidential capacity amongst HSDPA users

Iub Efficiency with HSDPA

HSDPA improves Iub efficiency compared to Release99 packet data since HSDPA is a time shared channel with a flow control in Iub Release99 requires dedicated resources from RNC to UE. Those resources are not fully utilized during TCP slow start or during inactivity timer Additionally, HSDPA does not use soft handover no need for soft handover overhead in Iub 1 E1 for BTS1 E1 for BTS2 3 Iub efficiently utilized by HSDPA = User 1 = User 2 = User 3
22 NOKIA WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

2 E1 for BTS1

1 = TCP slow start 2 = Inactivity timer 3 = Soft handover for some connections
Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

Local management for HSDPA PM in BTS

HSDPA performance management
BTS statistics BTS buffer measurements CQI measurements RNW statistics non-HSDPA power Number of users distribution HS-DSCH allocations/durations/releases RLC measurements

Iub

Iu-PS

Node B
Transport statistics AAL2 resources

RNC

3G SGSN
RAN KPIs: HSDPA availability HSDPA throughput Average number of HSDPA users HSDPA Total Power

23

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

HSDPA handovers
Provide full intra-frequency mobility for HSDPA users and enables HSDPA also in soft handover region
1. 2. 3. HS-DSCH to HS-DSCH intra Node-B handover HS-DSCH to HS-DSCH inter Node-B handover HS-DSCH to DCH handover (needed if the UE is moving to a cell without HSDPA support)

Cell with HSDPA capability Cell without HSDPA capability

HSDPA Handover UL = soft and softer HO ; DL = Serving cell change

24 NOKIA WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

HSDPA with additional RAB initiation

Enable multicalls for HSDPA users

bit rate

HS-DSCH

DCH
time

Video call is initiated -> HSDPA is suspended

After HSDPA is suspended, DCH packet scheduling procedures can be applied -> if still enough data in buffer, DCH is allocated

HSDPA is suspended when other RAB setup is initiated (e.g. Video call) Multicall combinations on dedicated channels can be used

25

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

RAN05 RRM

HSDPA with simultaneous AMR call

User experience with high speed data and AMR call Support of HSDPA (HS-DSCH) in downlink 64 kbps PS in the uplink AMR 12.2 kbps UL+DL The bit rate of the UL return channel is restricted to one bit rate only to quarantee stable interoperability If return channel bit rate differs from 64 kbps it is reconfigured An UL return channel of approx 64 kbit for TCP ack is required to support 1.8Mbit/s sustained bitrate in DL over HSDPA (No TCP header compression is assumed)

- HSDPA in DL PS data 64 kbit/s UL - AMR 12.2kbps in UL&DL PS: HS-DSCH (DL) PS: DCH (UL) Sector info AMR call (UL&DL)

26

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

HSDPA 16QAM support

Peak data rates up to 3.6 Mbit/s 5-20% gain in cell throughput
AMC H-ARQ Frame Size

Node B can select 16QAM when channel quality is sufficient 16QAM will be typically be selected in 5-25% of the cell area, depending on the environment Average cell throughput increased by 5-20% Throughput (5 codes) 600 kbps 1.2 Mbps Throughput (10 codes) 1.2 Mbps 2.4 Mbps

Spreading & Multip.

HSDPA

Modulation

SF 16

Code rate 1/4 2/4

Throughput (15 codes) 1.8 Mbps 3.6 Mbps

QPSK

16

16
16QAM 16 16

3/4
2/4 3/4

1.8 Mbps
2.4 Mbps 3.6 Mbps

3.6 Mbps
4.8 Mbps 7.2 Mbps

5.3 Mbps
7.2 Mbps 10.7 Mbps

27

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

RAN05.1 Telecom

HSDPA with 10 codes

Peak data rates up to 7.2 Mbit/s
High peak data rates, up to 7.2 Mbps High cell capacity Evolution of HSDPA with 5 codes and HSDPA with 16QAM -features Dynamic code allocation between 5 or 10 codes One HS-SCCH needed Throughput (5 codes) 600 kbps 1.2 Mbps Throughput (10 codes) 1.2 Mbps 2.4 Mbps
AMC H-ARQ Frame Size

Spreading & Multip.

HSDPA

Modulation

SF 16

Code rate 1/4 2/4

Throughput (15 codes) 1.8 Mbps 3.6 Mbps

QPSK

16

16
16QAM 16 16

3/4
2/4 3/4

1.8 Mbps
2.4 Mbps 3.6 Mbps

3.6 Mbps
4.8 Mbps 7.2 Mbps

5.3 Mbps
7.2 Mbps 10.7 Mbps

28

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

Results with HSDPA-only Traffic Vehicular-A Pedestrian-A

Due to using PF instead of RR Due to using PF instead of RR Due to 16QAM

36% Gain

Due to 16QAM

27% Gain

4% Gain HSDPA: 920 kbps HSDPA: 940 kbps HSDPA: 1200 kbps

14% Gain

HSDPA: 960 kbps

HSDPA: 1100 kbps

HSDPA: 1500 kbps

RAN05 QPSK only

29 NOKIA

RAN05

RAN06

RAN05 QPSK only

RAN05

RAN06

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

Summary of Results with Mixed HSDPA & DCH Traffic

Veh-A / Macrocell
Introducing HSDPA with RR scheduler, 7 W HSDPA power Due to 16 QAM modulation Due to using PF instead of RR

*approx. from case of HSDPA only traffic throughput of 1800 kbps

21% Gain

21% Gain 39% Gain 780 kbps HSDPA: N.A. DCH: 780 kbps 1055* kbps HSDPA: 635 kbps DCH: 410 kbps 4% Gain 1090 kbps HSDPA: 670 kbps DCH: 410 kbps 16QAM + RR 3.6 Mbps HSDPA: 910 kbpsc DCH: 410 kbps 16QAM + PF 3.6 Mbps 1320 kbps

~1600* kbps

*approx. value, not directly from simulations

HSDPA: 1190 kbps DCH: 410 kbps 10 codes 7.2 Mbps

QPSK + RR No HSDPA Single user peak BR: 1.8 Mbps

30 NOKIA WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

RAN05.1 Telecom

HSDPA with 16 users per cell

Roll out Maximum number of HSDPA users per BTS: 16 HS-DSCH is transmitted to one cell at a time from the BTS
Time multiplexed between different cells of the BTS Up to 3 cells per BTS can be enabled for HSDPA

Cell specific 1.8/3.6/7.2 Mbit/s HSDPA (QPSK/16QAM)

H-ARQ AMC

Frame Size

High capacity Maximum number of HSDPA users per cell: 16 HS-DSCH can be transmitted to all cells in the BTS at the same time

Spreading & Multip.

HSDPA

HSDPA with 16 users per cell brings the HSDPA performance gains for each cell independently of the data rate in the other cells in the same BTS
Availability of sufficient baseband processing and transport resources required
31 NOKIA WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

HSDPA UE capability based handover

Enables multilayer support for HSDPA and maximum utilisation for HSDPA users when HSDPA is not implemented on all frequency layers

Load and service based handover (RAN05.1) feature is extended with the following traffic handling mechanisms:

1. Direct HSDPA users to the cell layer with HSDPA capability

Cell (layer) with HSDPA capability Cell (layer) without HSDPA capability

2. Direct non-HSDPA users to the layer without HSDPA capability

32

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

HSDPA Proportional Fair packet scheduler

Channel quality (CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC) Data
BTS packet scheduling operates at 2ms rate and can utilize information on the instantaneous channel conditions for each user (part of Nokia RAN06)

UE1
Multi-user selection diversity (give shared channel to best user) Channel quality (CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC) Data

TTI 1

TTI 2

TTI 3

TTI 4 Scheduled user

UE2
33 NOKIA WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

USER 2 Es/N0
Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

USER 1 Es/N0

Fairness of Different Schedulers

Macro cell, Pedestrian-A, 3km/h, 50% Node-B power and 7 codes allocated
Average user data rate for 1 simulation [kbps]
Max C/I (fast)

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 -5

20 users

Slow schedulers
12 resource Fair

M-TP

Proportional fair (fast)

P- FR
Fair resource

Probability of blocking, dropping, and outage (user data rate is lower than 64kbit/s) [%]

400

14

Fair throughput
10 FT FR >100% gain M-TP

8 schedulers Fast

Proportional fair
6

FR
Fair throughput

Max C/I
4 2

FT 0 5 10 15 20 User G- factor [dB]

P- FR 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Average cell capacity [Mbps]

34

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

HS-DSCH Single User Performance

User Bit Rate in Macro Cell with 5-code HSDPA

4000 3500 3000 2500
Median data rate 770 kbps (with 0.7x distance) Approx 300 kbps at the cell edge on HSDSCH 3.6 Mbps close to cell site

HSDPA DCH

HS-DSCH = 12W DCH average = 3 W DCH SHO gain = 2 dB

kbps

2000 1500 1000 500 0

Average data rate 1000 kbps

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Distance from BTS [relative to cell radius, 1=cell edge]
Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

36

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

HSDPA Coverage with Advanced Terminals

8000 7000 6000 5000

7.2 Mbps only close to cell site

Single user assumed on HS-DSCH

10-code, 2-eq 10-code, 1-eq 5-code, Rake

kbps

4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0

350-700 kbps at the cell edge Average data rate over cell area 10002500 kbps
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Distance from BTS [relative to cell radius, 1=cell edge]
Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

37

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

HSDPA Cell Level Performance

Cell Throughput Results Round Robin

If the goal is to maximize the total cell throughput, then the HSDPA power should be fixed at 7-8 Watt, resulting in a total cell throughput of 1150 kbps. Without any HSDPA traffic, the Rel99 DCH cell capacity equals 780 kbps.
Thus, using 7-8 Watt for HSDPA and 5 HS-PDSCH codes, the total cell throughput is increased by a factor 1150/780=1.47
39 NOKIA WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

Cell Throughput Results for Proportional Fair

If the goal is to maximize the total cell throughput, then the HSDPA power should be fixed at 7-8 Watt, resulting in a total cell throughput of 1320 kbps. Without any HSDPA traffic the Rel99 DCH cell capacity equals 780 kbps. Thus, using 7-8 Watt for HSDPA and 5 HS-PDSCH codes, the total cell throughput is increased by a factor 1320/780=1.69.

40

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

Distribution of Node-B Transmit Power

From this example, it is observed that the Node-B power fluctuations are reduced when a larger fraction of the power is allocated to HSDPA (using fixed power). This explains why we can increase the PtxTarget.

41

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

Results with HSDPA-only Traffic Vehicular-A Pedestrian-A

Due to using PF instead of RR Due to using PF instead of RR Due to 16QAM

36% Gain

Due to 16QAM

27% Gain

4% Gain HSDPA: 920 kbps HSDPA: 940 kbps HSDPA: 1200 kbps

14% Gain

HSDPA: 960 kbps

HSDPA: 1100 kbps

HSDPA: 1500 kbps

RAN05 QPSK only

42 NOKIA

RAN05

RAN06

RAN05 QPSK only

RAN05

RAN06

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

Summary of Results with Mixed HSDPA & DCH Traffic

Veh-A / Macrocell
Introducing HSDPA with RR scheduler, 7 W HSDPA power Due to 16 QAM modulation Due to using PF instead of RR

*approx. from case of HSDPA only traffic throughput of 1800 kbps

21% Gain

21% Gain 39% Gain 780 kbps HSDPA: N.A. DCH: 780 kbps 1055* kbps HSDPA: 635 kbps DCH: 410 kbps 4% Gain 1090 kbps HSDPA: 670 kbps DCH: 410 kbps 16QAM + RR 3.6 Mbps HSDPA: 910 kbpsc DCH: 410 kbps 16QAM + PF 3.6 Mbps 1320 kbps

~1600* kbps

*approx. value, not directly from simulations

HSDPA: 1190 kbps DCH: 410 kbps 10 codes 7.2 Mbps

QPSK + RR No HSDPA Single user peak BR: 1.8 Mbps

43 NOKIA WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

Average HSDPA Bit Rate as a Function of HS-DSCH Power and HS-DSCH Codes 3(8)
Average HSDPA bit rate for single user
1800 1600 1400 1200
kbps

15 codes 10 codes 5 codes

1000 800 600 400

200 BTS power = 16 W Orthogonality 0.2-0.9 0 Maximum path loss 155 dB W Other cells fully 4 loaded Ior/Ioc = -6 dB at cell edge Single user on HS-DSCH
44 NOKIA WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

>1 Mbps feasible on average with 5 codes and high HS-DSCH power

6W

8W HS-DSCH power

10 W

12 W

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

HSDPA Cell Throughput

WCDMA R99 HSDPA simple scheduler HSDPA advanced scheduler HSDPA advanced mobiles = WCDMA Release 99 dedicated channel = HSDPA with round robin scheduler = HSDPA with proportional fair scheduler = HSDPA terminals with rx diversity and equalizer

6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Macro cell

45 NOKIA WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

WCDMA R99 HSDPA simple scheduler HSDPA advanced scheduler HSDPA advanced mobiles

Small cell
Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

Gain from Advanced UEs

Median data rate gain from advanced terminals in macro cells
140% 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 5 codes 10 codes 15 codes
Advanced UE = 2 branch receiver + equalizer 2 branch gain assumed 2.5 dB in Es/N0 Equalizer improves orthogonality from 0.2-0.9 to 0.8-0.95
Low power High power

46

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential

Round Trip Time Evolution

No Queuing Time Due to Loading Included

Round trip time of 32-B packet

200 180 160 140 120

Release 99 <150 ms

ms

HSDPA <100 ms

100 80 60 40 20 0
RAN1.5ED2 RAN04 (20-ms TTI) RAN04 (10-ms TTI) RAN05 HSDPA

Internet Iu + core RNC Iub Node B AI UE HSUPA 50 ms

HSDPA+HSUPA (2-ms TTI)

47

NOKIA

WCDMA RAN / 15.11.2004 / HSDPA BP

Confidential Non Binding Company Confidential