Turban, Aronson, and Liang Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Seventh Edition

Chapter 15 Integration, Impacts, and the Future of Management-Support Systems

2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

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Learning Objectives
Learn the processes of systems integration for MSS. Understand the difficulties in integrating systems. Describe major models in integration. Define intelligent DSS. Understand concept of intelligent modelling. Know MSS integration with enterprise and Web systems. Describe impacts of MSS on organization. Learn the potential impact of MSS on individuals. Define societal impacts of MSS. Be cognizant of the ethical and legal issues of MSS. Understanding the digital divide. Describe Internet communities. Overview of future of MSS.

2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

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Systems Integration
Functional integration
Different applications provided as single system
Across differing MSS or within MSS
Solves repetitive problems

Integration of MSS techniques to build specific MSS

Physical integration
Hardware, software, and communications integration

Applications integration
Data, applications, methods, and processes

Develop level integration Integrate to increase capabilities Integrate to enhance intelligent tools
2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 15-3

Models
Integration of expert systems and DSS
Expert systems attached to DSS
ES 1: Database intelligent component ES 2: Intelligent agent for model base and management ES 3: System for improving user interface ES 4: Consultant to DSS ES 5: Consultant to users
Usually, only one or two are attached

Expert system as separate components

Expert systems output as input to DSS DSS output as input to expert system Feedback

Expert systems generation of alternatives to DSS Unified approach

2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 15-4

 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

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Models
Tight integration due to shared interfaces and resources Shared decision-making
Expandable to other intelligent systems

Can integrate EIS, DSS and expert systems

Information from EIS is inputted into DSS DSS feedback to EIS Expert system used for interpretation, explanation
2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 15-6

Intelligent DSS
Active DSS
Intelligent component
Symbiotic Understands domain and provides explanations Helps formulate problems Relates problems to solver Interprets results Explains results and decisions
2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 15-7

Intelligent DSS
Self-evolving DSS
Aware of how it is being used and adapts to needs of use
Dynamic menus User interface Intelligent model-based management system

Problem management
Automate processes by dividing into smaller steps Specific architecture to support functional requirements
2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 15-8

Intelligent Modeling
Intelligence added to allow input of expertise Multiple models available Construction
Simplify real world situation
Less complex version of reality

Use of models
Some judgmental values Expert systems supply sensitivity analysis Expert systems provide result explanations, patterns, anomalies

Most based on quantitative models

2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

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Integration
Increases functionality Makes enterprise systems more user friendly Provides greater flexibility Saves money by integration various systems Enables easier integration of functional systems
2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 15-10

Integration
ERP
Integrates analytical capabilities

Supply chain systems

Enhance capabilities Optimize tools

Knowledge management systems

Communication, collaboration, storage
DSS integration Intelligent systems integration Data mining tools with manufacturing systems DSS and learning systems Data mining with business modeling
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2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

Issues
Cost-benefit justifications Feasibility Architecture choices
Infrastructure Development process and tools Connectivity Web-based integration

Data issues Legal issues and privacy New technology introduction, integration
2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 15-12

Impacts of MSS
Organizational

Culture Creation of new departments Virtual teams Business process reengineering

Business simulation tools

Increased production Increased customer satisfaction Improvement in quality Supply chain management improvements Improved performance of managers and employees
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2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

Impacts of MSS
Individual
Increased job satisfaction Negative effect on individuality
Dehumanization

Job stress Lack of cooperation by expert

2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

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Impacts of MSS
Societal
Positive effects
Reduction or elimination of humans in hazardous positions Increased opportunities for disabled, home bound, and single parents Telecommuting Improved health care Improved quality of life

Negative effects
Computer fraud and embezzlement Identity theft Neglect of family Increased power due to increased centralization of organizations
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2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

Legal and Privacy Issues

Antitrust Unfair competition Unreasonable personal intrusion
Collection of information about individuals

Ethics
Personal values

Intellectual property rights

Copyright Trademarks Domain names Patents

Computer abuse Electronic surveillance Use of proprietary databases Data integrity

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2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

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Impacts of Artificial Intelligence Increased employment through newly created MSS-related jobs Massive unemployment through automation of processes Social implications
Increased leisure time Government intervention with employment levels Increased wealth
2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 15-18

Internet Communities
Groups of people with common interests Interact through Internet Types
Communities of transactions
Facilitate buying and selling

Communities of interest
Based on specific topic

Communities of relations
Organized around life experiences

Communities of fantasy
Based on imaginary environments Game playing
2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 15-19

Digital Divide
Growing gap between those who have and those who do not have access to technology Exists within and between countries

2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

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Future of MSS
MSS is becoming a Web-based technology Combining and integration with business intelligence BI is being combined with a number of Web-based applications Intelligent systems are being employed in the war against terrorism Web-based advisory services are being developed More complex MSS applications are being developed Trend toward increasing intelligence of systems Pervasive computing MSS are being disseminated via ASPs Natural language based search engines Semantic web

2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

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Future of MSS
Voice technologies are being enriched through use of MSS CRM improvement Improvement along supply chain through integration with ERP Expertise availability on Internet Initiation of formal knowledge-management programs More intelligent agents on Internet and other networks Greater use of wireless technologies Intelligent agents will roam the Internet, intranets, and extranets to monitor information and assist in decisionmaking Increase in groupware technologies for collaboration and communication DSS for e-commerce Decision-support tools for e-commerce will be expanded
2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 15-22