Mentor: dr. Gatot Suharto, SH, SpF, MKes, DFM Fasillitator: dr. Donald Rinaldi K.

FORENSIC AND MEDICOLEGAL DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF MEDICINE DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY RSUP DR. KARIADI SEMARANG Period 23 September 19 Oktober 2013

Dika Gita Pratama Gita Soraya Untari K. Nurul Charla H. Aaron Y Tehupuring Aldo I. R. Sitanggang

22010112210012 22010112210026 0861050131 0861050134 0961050104 0961050112

FK UNDIP FK UNDIP FK UKI FK UKI FK UKI FK UKI

DNA

Personal Identification

General Aim
Knowing the function of DNA examination for personal identification

Spesific Aim
Definition and classification of personal identification Definition, structure, and DNA testing techniques The benefits, procedure as well as the application of DNA testing in the identification of personal

FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION
is an attempt to determine the identity of a person for the benefit of forensic, which the interests of justice

PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION
One of efforts of the individual differences with other individuals or attempt to determine ownership of body parts, body fluids or other body parts are still good either been damaged or that have been destroyed even though the owner

 Whole medicolegal casses suspect of muderer Suspect of rapist Child identification Missing kids

Blasting Burning Train and airplanes accident Flood Mortality case

Person

Corpse

Conventional

Modern
- Molecular Forensic (DNA Testing)

Fingerprint examination Visual Method Document examination Clothes and jewelry watching Medical examination Dental examination Serology Exclusion Mutilating identification Skeletal examination

DNA is the genetic material that carries information that can be derived. DNA that usually use are c-DNA and mtDNA. The most accurate DNA sample is c-DNA

3 main components : Fosfat chains deoxyribose Nitrogen base :

adenin (A), Guanin (G) Sitosin (C) Timin (T).

Gel Electrophoresis
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Capillary Electrophoresis (CE)

Movement of DNA to the positive pool when it puts on electric field

Quick method for DNA duplication

Standart technique to analyze and separate DNA fragment then duplicate it

Genetic markers based on repetitive sequences

RFLP (Restriction Fragment Lenght Polymorphisms)

Short Tandem Repeats (STR)

Pentanucleotide repeats

SNP (Single nucleotide polymorphisms)

HLA-DQA1

Polymarker (PM)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

Y Chromosome Markers

DNA MITOKONDRIA

Y-SHORT TANDEM REPEATS (Y-STRS)

mt-DNA is another choice to examine the DNA sample that cant determine by RFLP or STR Every mothers have their own mt-DNA This examination confirm a relation between mother and descent.

Y chromosome passed on from father to all his sons so that the DNA on the Y chromosome can be used to find the descendants of the male and is usually used for cases of sexual crimes This examination can detect man profile when women profile had clear with STRs

Is a result from PCR application

Its shows the differences of pattern each individual

Probability of error is minimum The accuracy almost 100%

Time-consuming expensive

(+)

(-)

To identificate suspect To determine the criminality network its used as secondary evidence needs other evidence to support

There are so many technique for DNA identification. Every technique has their own advantages and disadvantages. The technique are depends on many factors, example cost, sample, etc. Then finally the result of the identification can determine the identity of a person, body parts and body fluids which the interests of court.

Definition

Techniques

RFLP is a DNA polymorphism that occurs due to variation in the length of DNA fragments after cut with a specific restriction enzyme.

This method uses a short marker, repeat pattern alleles at mikrovarian segment between 3-7 base pairs. Advantages : damaged samples, limited sample, etc. Limitation : relatively expensive and limited Possibility for DNA contamination