Teachers Introduction
Academic
Teachers Introduction
Professional
years)
Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department, UET, Lahore (1 year) Director General (Monitoring and Evaluation), Planning & Development Department, Govt. of Punjab (> 3 and half years)
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What is a project?
A project can be defined as ..
..and temporary endeavour in which human (or machine), material and financial resources are organised in a novel way, to undertake a unique scope of work, or given specification, within constraints of cost and time, so as to deliver beneficial change by quantitative and qualitative objectives
Turner The handbook of project-based management:
Improving the Process for Achieving Strategic Objectives Turner (200) The handbook of project-based management: Improving the Five functions of project based management: Process for Achieving Strategic Objectives. Organisation, scope, time, quality and cost.
What is a Project?
A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service.*
Term temporary endeavor to create unique product service Means that a Project Has a beginning and end Involves effort, work Has an intention to produce something i.e. project "deliverables" One of a kind, rather than a collection of identical items Tangible objects, but could include things like computer software, film or stage works Might include the establishment of a day-care center, for instance, but not its daily operations.
*2000 PMBOK Guide (p. 4).
Examples of Projects
Planning a farewell party Designing and implementing a computer system Attending a meeting at Islamabad
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of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China in part to protect the Chinese Empire. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger, stronger, and unified are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall. In present state, the wall was completely built between 220206 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang.
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Euro Tunnel
1. 31 Mile tunnel between England and France 2. Similar project in Japan had 100% cost over-run
actual was in December 1994 5. Original construction budget was 4.9 billion; actual 12 billion 6. Serious aspect of risk misjudged
Completion Traffic Infrastructure
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Litigation
Euro Tunnel
The desire to link Britain and France dates back more than 200 years. Over the 100 years, studies were taken, proposals were written and various holes were drilled. It wasn't until late in 1984 that the British and French governments reached an agreement to build the tunnel on March 14, 1986. This triggered the largest binational joint venture ever, as well as unprecedented cooperation between the two nations.
In August 1994, the British Isles and Continental Europe were linked together for the first time in 8,000 years. The Channel tunnel is Europe's biggest infrastructure project financed wholly by private capital. The Eurotunnel is the largest project financing and provides an effective case study in how economic viability was not addressed?.
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Suez Canal
The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt,
connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows transportation by water between Europe and Asia without navigation around Africa. When first built, the canal was 164 km (102 miles) long and 8 m (26 ft) deep. After multiple enlargements, the canal is 193.30 km (120.11 miles) long, 24 m (79 ft) deep and 205 metres (673 ft) wide as of 2010. It consists of the northern access channel of 22 km (14 miles), the canal itself of 162.25 km (100.82 miles) and the southern access channel of 9 km (5.6 miles). The canal is owned and maintained by the Suez Canal Authority (SCA) of Egypt. Under international treaty, it may be used "in time of war as in time of peace, by every vessel of 16 commerce or of war, without distinction of flag.
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Metro Bus System, The Project was Planned with total cost Lahore of Rs. 30. Billion (PKR) and also
completed with actual cost of Rs. 29.822 Billion (PKR). The system has been built on a 27 Km route from Gajju Matta to Shahdara Mor. Total 27 stations. 8.5 km overhead bridge. Tentative Planned Period = 1 year Actual Completion Period = 11 Months Project was divided into Ten packages, the detail as:-
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Sr. No 1 2
3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5,148.948
3,411.839 2,590.782 849.691 1930.017 3,227.176 1,026.193 743.139
TYPES OF PROJECT
Mega Project Big Project Small Project Public Sector Project
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federal, provincial, district or local governments. Public projects may be of any size but frequently they are much larger than private ventures. A number of important factors exists that are not ordinarily found in privately financed and operated projects such as purpose, source and method of financing, multipurpose, nature of benefits, beneficiaries of the project and measurement of efficiency. Public sector development projects are initiated with intent of providing multipurpose services e.g. reservoir project for water storage, flood control, electrical power generation, irrigation, recreation and for research and education purposes. Primarily the purpose of the public sector projects is to provide health, education, clean drinking water, sanitation, transportation and housing to general public. Besides providing basic necessities they generate revenue and employment. Although the performance of public sector projects has been improved in many aspects over the years, however, their Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) systems, in particular needs to be improved at
Public Sector Project Protect health, lives and property, provide services(at no profit),provide jobs
Taxation, private lenders Direct payments of taxes; Loans without interest; Loans at low interest; Self-liquidating bonds; Indirect subsidies; Guarantee of private loans Common (e.g. reservoir project for flood control, electrical power generation, irrigation , recreation, education) Usually relatively long (20 to 60 years) Indirect or none
Multiple purposes
Moderate
Nature of benefits
Beneficiaries of project Conflict of purposes Conflict of interest Effect of politics
Monetary or relatively easy to equate to monetary terms Primarily, entity undertaking project
Moderate Moderate Little to moderate
Often non-monetary, difficult to quantify, difficult to equate to monetary terms General public
Quite common (dam for flood control vs. environmental preservation) Very common(between agencies) Frequent factors; short term tenure for decision makers; pressure groups; financial and residential restrictions, etc Very difficult; No direct comparison with private projects
Measurement of efficiency 23
What is Management?
The planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently
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dynamic process that utilizes the appropriate resources of the organization in a controlled and structured manner, to achieve some clearly defined objectives. It is always conducted within a defined set of constraints It may be defined as art or science of planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling manpower, machinery, material and monetary resources throughout the project lifecycle by using rational approaches and techniques to achieve predetermined objectives of scope, cost, time, quality.
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of our time Beginning with the End in mind-Stephen Covey Organizing: Orderly fashion (Contingent/Prerequisites) Controlling : is critical if we are to use our limited resources wisely Measuring: To determine if we accomplished the goal or met the target? Adjustment: based on achievement against goals or target, adjustment is make to complete as per plan.
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4. Act
Institutionalize improvement; continue cycle.
1. Plan
Identify problem and develop plan for improvement.
3. Check
Assess plan; is it working?
2. Do
Implement plan on a test basis.
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understanding of what it takes to deliver products and services effectively. Your definition should evolve and continuously improve with your knowledge and experience collaborating on projects.
People plan their Days, their Weeks, their Vacations and their Budgets and keep a simple project management form known as To Do list
Any Process or Means used to track tasks or efforts
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Triple Constraint
Triple Constraint are three primary project constraints i.e. project scope, time, and cost, which are strictly monitored to complete project successfully. Project quality is affected by balancing these three factors . High quality projects deliver the required product, service or result within scope, on time, and within budget.
Time
Time
Cost
132%
Scope/Quality
135%
Cost
93%
Scope
31 Original(100%) Current
Build detailed schedule of all project tasks Monitor progress of project against milestones
Cost management
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Identify and review risks for failure Develop plans to reduce these risks
Procurement management
Develop requests for proposals (RFPs) Evaluate bids, write contracts, monitor performance
Integration management
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6.1 ACTIVITY DEFINITION 1. Inputs 1. Enterprise environmental factors . 2. Organizational process assets 3. Project scope statement 4. Work Breakdown structure 5. WBS Dictionary 6. Project management plan 2. Tools and Techniques 1. Decomposition 2. Templates 3. Rolling wave planning 4. Expert judgment 5. Planning component 3. Outputs 1. Activity list 2. Activity attributes 3. Milestone list 4. Requested changes
6.2 ACTIVITY SEQUENCING 1. Inputs .1 Project scope statement .2 Activity list .3 Activity attributes .4 Milestone List .5 Approved change requests 2 . Tools and Techniques .1 Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) .2 Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM) .3 Schedule network templates .4 Dependency determination .5 Applying leads and lags 3. Outputs .1 Project schedule network diagrams .2 Activity list (updates) .3 Activity attributes (updates) .4 Requested changes
6.3 ACTIVITY RESOURCE ESTIMATING 1. Inputs .1 Enterprise environmental factors .2 Organizational process assets .3 Activity list .4 Activity attributes .5 Resource availability .6 Project management plan 2. Tools and Techniques .1 Expert judgment .2 Alternatives analysis .3 Published estimating data .4 Project management software .5 bottom-up-estimating 3. Outputs .1 Activity resource requirements .2 Activity attributes (updates) .3 Resource breakdown structure .4 Resource calendars (updates) .5 Requested changes
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6.4 ACTIVITY DURATION ESTIMATING 1. Inputs .1 Enterprise environmental factors .2 Organizational process assets .3 Project scope statement .4 Activity list .5 Activity attributes .6 Activity resource requirements .7 Resource calendars .8 Project Management plan . Risk register . Activity cost estimates 2. Tools and Techniques .1 Expert judgment .2 Analogous estimating .3 Parametric estimating .4 Three-point estimating .5 Reserve analysis 3. Outputs .1 Activity duration estimates .2 Activity attributes (updates)
1. Inputs
.1 Organizational process assets
.2 Project scope statement .3 Activity list .4 Activity attributes .5 Project schedule network diagrams .6 Activity resource requirements .7 Resource calendars .8 Activity duration estimates .9 Project management plan . Risk register
6.6 SCHEDULE CONTROL 1. Inputs .1 Schedule management plan .2 Schedule baseline .3 Performance report .4 Approved change request 2. Tools and Techniques .1 Progress reporting .2 Schedule change control system .3 Performance measurement .4 Project management software .5 Variance analysis .6 Schedule comparison bar charts 3. Outputs .1 Schedule model data (updates) .2 Schedule baseline (updates) .3 Performance measurements .4 Requested changes .5 Recommended corrective actions .6 Organizational process assets (updates) .7 Activity list (updates) .8 Activity attributes (updates) .9 Project management plan (updates)
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Revised Approved
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
Rs (Billions)
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are characterized by constant change and require integrated approach of project management.
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Conceptualization
Cumulative Cost/Efforts
Inception ning
Designing Conceptual Design Execution Preliminary Design Documentation Design Drawings Detail Design Implementation Specifications Installation and - Architectural Preparation of - Geotechnical Erection Tender documents Construction - Structure - HVAC M&E
Time
Project Lifecycle
(Public Sector Projects)
Planning phase Execution of project (Design, Erection/Installation/Construction) Termination
Degree of risk
Cumulative Cost
PC-I PreparationPre-PDWP
PC-I Approved
Effort s/ Cost
Concept Clearan ce
PC-II
Tim e
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Design
Material
Construction
Operation
D1 D2 D3 , , , , Dn
M1 M2 M3 , , , , Mn
C1 C2 C3 , , , , Cn
O1 O2 O3 , , , , On
Organizational Capacity i1 i2 i3 , , , , in p1 p2 p3 , , , , pn d1 d2 d3 , , , , dn m1 m2 m3 , , , , mn c1 c2 c3 , , , , cn o1 o2 o3 , , , , on
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Project Inception (Initialization) Documentation -Conceptual Studies - Proposal(PC I) Legalization Licensing & approvals from OGRA and other Government organization
Design
Construction
Feasibility Preliminary Preliminary Design feasibility Conceptual study Design Detailed Method of feasibility construction study Detailed EIA Design Planning Design of Project pipeline managemen Design of t planning welds, bends, CP and other accessories Design of crossings Preparation of specification Preparation of working dawning
Tendering General Work Civil Works Preparation of Mobilization on site Earthwork, Excavation Tender Construction of site office and trenching document Marking of ROW Civil and miscellaneous Contracting Cleaning and grubbing of ROW concrete works Advertising Surveying and leveling of ROW Construction of Selection of Approvals from regulatory bodies foundation for pipeline contractor Civil Works Construction of Supports NTP Earthwork, Excavation and Construction of crossings Pretrenching Backfilling construction Civil and miscellaneous concrete Mechanical and Electrical conferences works works Miscellaneous Construction of foundation for Pipe bending pipeline Pipe welding Misc. items Construction of Supports Hydrostatic and Construction of crossings radiographic testing Backfilling Coating and Cathodic Mechanical and Electrical works protection\Electrical Pipe bending Isolation Pipe welding Hydrostatic and radiographic testing Coating and Cathodic protection Electrical Isolation Miscellaneous Stringing Lowering in Cleaning, washing and drying Restoration and Demobilization
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and functionality of an organization. It also depends upon the external and internal environment of an organization. For instance, SNGPL is the functional organization in which different functions of projects are executed in the organization internally. There is the interdepartmental relationship and coordination between these department (Design, Purchase and Administration, Project etc) to maximize the efficiency of work and to minimize the risk of project delay. Project team is specific to work rotationally on the different Top Management projects.
Function of Group -I Proposal and feasibility Function of Group -II Designing Function of Group -III Purchase and Transportation
Owner
Consultant
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Project Stakeholders
Project Stakeholders are individual or organizations that are actively involved in the project, or whose interests may be affected as a result of project execution or project completion. They may influence the project objectives and out comes negatively or positively. Project management team must identify the stakeholders, determine their requirements and expectations. Positive and Negative stakeholder i.e a business leader and environmentalist. Key stakeholders on any project: 1. Sponsoring Agency 2. Project Manager and Project Management team members 3. Beneficiaries/Customers/ Users 47 4. Executing agency
Project Stakeholders
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Project Roles
Client
PM
Role of Client 1. Sponsor & Financer Role of PM 1. Manage & Monitor Schedule & Cost Role of Engineer 1. Design 2. Control Quality 493. Supervise contractor
Engineer
Contractor
(budgeting, scheduling) Communication skills Interpersonal skills Conflict Management and Negotiation skills
project manager
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Internal Responsibilities
Identify project tasks and build a work breakdown structure
Define the milestones (i.e., key events in a project which can
be identified by a specific pieces of documentation or a specific status review meeting) and deliverables to monitor progress.
Develop the project schedule
Assess project risks Recruit and train team members Assign team members to tasks Coordinate activities of team members and subteams Monitor and control project deliverables, milestones and risks
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External Responsibilities
Report the projects status and progress Establish good working relationships with those who
identify the needed system requirements People who will use the system Work directly with the client (projects sponsor) and other stakeholders Identify resource needs and obtain resources
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Software Application
Ru ra l He a lth Cli n ic
T o ta l 2 1 0 3 ,7 2 2 ,0 0 0 . 0 0 1 ,9 8 2 ,8 0 0 . 0 0 1 ,4 5 0 ,0 0 0 . 0 0 1 ,6 4 0 ,0 0 0 . 0 0
Ge n e ra l
S u b to ta l 2 1 0 0 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 .0 0
1 0 0 0 P ro j e c t S t a rt 1 1 1 0 P ro j e c t C o m p l e t e
0 0
0 .0 0 0 .0 0
0 .0 0 0 .0 0
0 .0 0 0 .0 0
0 .0 0 0 .0 0
P ro j e c t S t a rt P ro j e c t C o m p l e te
F o u n da t io n
S u b to ta l 5 4 8 5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 8 5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 8 5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 9 5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0
1 0 1 0 E a rt h w o r k s 1 0 2 0 F o u n d a t io n u p to P l i n th
1 8 2 4
5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0
5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0
5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0
6 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 8 9 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0
E a rt h wo r k s F o u n d a t i o n u p t o P l i n th
S tru c tu re W o rk
S u b to ta l
5 1
1 ,5 3 6 ,0 0 0 . 0 0
1 ,1 3 2 ,8 0 0 . 0 0
6 0 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0
6 9 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0
5 0 4 ,0 0 0 .0 0 9 6 ,0 0 0 .0 0
5 8 4 ,0 0 0 .0 0 1 0 6 ,0 0 0 .0 0
S u p e r-s t ru c t u r e B lo c k M a s o n ry
F in i s he s
S u b to ta l
Project Budget (BAC): 37.22 lakhs Funds Used (AC): 16.40 lakhs Utilization = 44.1 %
1 1 0 0 P lu m b i n g 1 0 9 0 E l e c t ri c a l W o r k s 1 0 7 0 F lo o rin g 1 0 6 0 P a in t 1 0 8 0 W o o d W o rk
0 .0 0
0 .0 0
0 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 .0 0
0 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 .0 0 x 100000
P la s t e r P lu m b i n g E l e c t ri c a l W o r k s F lo o rin g P a in t W o o d W o rk
x 100000
EAC
Additional EV Parameters: Planned (PV): 19.82 lakhs Earned (EV): 14.50 lakhs
1 0
40
AC
PV BAC
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32
28
24
20
16
EV
12
2
R esour ce/ C ost Prof i l e Legend Tot al of A ll R esour ces Tot al earl y cost per M ont h ( C urr ent E st i m at e) C urr ent est i m at e curve E arned val ue curve P l anned val ue cur ve D et ai l scal e ( l ef t ) : X 100000
5 M o n ths
1 0
Sh e e t 1 o f 1
Thank You
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