materi 3 dan 4
Petroleum
Density, specific gravity API gravity Carbon, wt.% Hydrogen, wt.% Nitrogen, wt.% Sulfur, wt.% Pour point Wax content Wax appearance temperature Viscosity (various temperatures) Carbon residue of residuum Distillation profile: All fractions plus vacuum residue
Gas
Calorific Value (Heat of Combustion) Composition Density Sulfur Volatility and Vapor Pressure Water
Gasoline
Additives Combustion Characteristics Composition Corrosiveness Density (Specific Gravity) Flash Point and Fire Point Oxygenates Stability and Instability Volatility Water and Sediment
Aviation Fuel
Acidity Additives Calorific Value (Heat of Combustion) Composition Density (Specific Gravity) Flash Point Freezing Point Knock and Antiknock Properties Pour Point Storage Stability Thermal Stability Viscosity Volatility Water
kerosene
Acidity Burning Characteristics Calorific Value (Heat of Combustion) Composition Density (Specific Gravity) Flash Point Freezing Point Pour Point Smoke Point Viscosity Volatility Water and Sediment
Diesel Fuel
Acidity Appearance and Odor Ash Calorific Value (Heat of Combustion) Carbon Residue Cetane Number and Cetane Index Cloud Point Composition Density (Specific Gravity) Diesel Index Flash Point Freezing Point Neutralization Number Pour Point Stability Viscosity Volatility Water and Sediment
Lubricating Oil
Acidity and Alkalinity Ash Asphaltene Content (Insoluble Constituents) Carbonizable Substances (Acid Test) Carbon Residue Cloud Point Color Composition Density (Specific Gravity) Flash Point and Fire Point Oxidation Stability Pour Point Thermal Stability Viscosity Volatility Water and Sediment
Grease
Acidity and Alkalinity Anticorrosion Properties Composition Dropping Point Flow Properties Low-Temperature Torque Mechanical Stability Oil Separation Oxidation Stability Penetration Thermal Stability Viscosity Volatility Water Resistance
Wax
Appearance Barrier Properties Carbonizable Substances Color Composition Density (Specific Gravity) Hardness Melting Point Molecular Weight Odor and Taste Oil Content Peroxide Content Slip Properties Storage Stability Strength Ultraviolet Absorptivity Viscosity Volatility
Asphalt
Acid Number Asphaltene Content Bonding and Adhesion Breaking Point (Fraas) Carbon Disulfide-Insoluble Constituents Carbon Residue Compatibility Composition Density (Specific Gravity) Distillation Ductility Durability Elemental Analysis Emulsified Asphalt Flash Point Float Test Molecular Weight Penetration Rheology Softening Point Stain Temperature-Volume Correction Thin Film Oven Test Viscosity Water Content
Coke
Ash Calorific Value (Heat of Combustion) Composition Density Dust Control Material Hardness Metals Proximate Analysis Sulfur Volatile Matter Water
PRODUK PRODUK YANG DAPAT DIHASILKAN MINYAK BUMI SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR
1. Gas Rentang rantai karbon : C1 sampai C5 Trayek didih : 0 sampai 50C 2. Gasolin (Bensin) Rentang rantai karbon : C6 sampai C11 Trayek didih : 50 sampai 85C 3. Kerosin (Minyak Tanah) Rentang rantai karbon : C12 sampai C20 Trayek didih : 85 sampai 105C 4. Solar Rentang rantai karbon : C21 sampai C30 Trayek didih : 105 sampai 135C
5. Minyak Berat Rentang ranai karbon : C31 sampai C40 Trayek didih : 135 sampai 300C
6. Residu Rentang rantai karbon : di atas C40 Trayek didih : di atas 300C
Beberapa industri lanjutan yang sangat erat hubungannya dengan Petrokimia; 1. Industri plastik 2. Industri serat sintetis 3. Indsutri bahan pelumas 4. Industri pertisida 5. Industri pembuat Pelarut
Bahan dasar bagi industri Petrokimia: a. Jenis paraffin dan olefin, seperti hidrokarbon dengan jumlah atom (1,2,3 dan 4) pembuatan asam asetat, karet dan fiber. b. Jenis aromat (hidrokarbon aromatik) benzena, pembuatan plastik, penol dan karet
kimia
yang
diterapkan
pada
industri
1. Alkilasi, yaitu penambahan gugus alkil pada suatu bahan induk, misalnya bahan dasar detergen 2. Dealkilasi, penghilangan gugus alkil, misalnya pembuatan kapur barus (naftalen) dari minyak bumi 3. Dehidrasi, penghilangan gugus H2O, misalnya pembuatan eter dan alcohol 4. Eterifikasi, pembuatan senyawa pembuatan etil asetat, vinil asetat ester, misalnya
5. Polimerisasi, pembentukan polimer dari bahan yang lebih sederhana, misalnya pembuatan plastik / karet sintetis.