Hydrogen Provision
Distributed hydrogen retail outlets for mobile / stationary applications
Compressed H2 transport by pipelines like CNG network Onsite H2 generation from other feed stocks
Coal Hydrocarbons Alcohols Ammonia
Hydrogen Provision
Online/onboard hydrogen generation for mobile systems
Reforming /cracking of hydrocarbon feed stocks Reforming/cracking of alcohols Other inorganic/organic feed stocks
Ammonia cracking Hydride hydrolysis/cracking
H2 quality
Impurity tolerance increases with increase in operating temperature of fuel cells
Fuel cells are advanced power generation devices requires quality feedstock, free from sulfur The oil refineries have to provide uniform low sulfur fuels.
Achievements so far
Catalyst Electrode Acid holder
matrix Graphite gas distributor plate
Acid management
systems Humidifiers Thermal systems Power conditioners
NMRLs View
Onsite hydrogen generation is the way to introduce Fuel Cells successfully
For mobile application supply purified H2 from onsite local generation center PEMFCs, PAFCs For stationary application build onsite H2 generation plant PAFCs, SOFC
Generation of H2 for possible fuel cell applications From organic feed stocks From inorganic feed stocks NH3 Alcohols methanol ethanol CNG LPG Naptha, diesel etc. Bio H2 using algae Hydrocarbons Hydrazine
NMRLs interest
NaBH4 , CaH2
NMRLs interest
1 kWatt power At 100 % efficiency At ~65% efficiency (~0.6V cell pot) At ~65% efficiency (~0.6V cell pot) With 70% utilization
9.04
13
Comp H2 100.00
Pilot methanol reformer 8-10 lpm hydrogen output for process design and scale up studies (1997)
High capacity methanol reformer , 50nM3/hr 2003 hydrogen, suitable to ~60kW PAFC power pack
Process design of reformer NMRL Detail engineering, control systems and installation Xytel India
Commissioning - NMRL
Thermal systems
Snadwich type steam heater/cooler for quick pre-heating and heat removing of PAFC stacks Bayonet type forced methanol based catalytic heater for compact reformer Capillary action based natural methanol catlytic burner Bayonet type natural & fan based hydrogen heater Cartridge type humidifier with hydrogen heater
Delivers 220V AC, 700-1000VA PAFC battery (35 Kg) Nova-1 / 2 Nominal power of 1000 watt
Output :- 12+0.05 V DC upto 100 watt (max) Size 52x27x25 cm (12Kg) Hydrogen source by hydride cracking Hydrogen source by compact catalytic burner based reformer
Conclusion Hydrogen source, generation methodology & fuel cell type critical for successful application Available supply infrastructure can be catered for hydrogen application
This is possible through onsite hydrogen generation