Group Members:

Muhammad Faizan. Muhammad Omer. Humza Ansar.

What Is Energy Crises?

An energy crisis is any great shortfall (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to electricity or other natural resources.

Introduction
Electricity Crisis in Pakistan is one of the severe challenges the country is facing today. Electricity is essential part of our daily life and its shortage has severely affected the economy and overall living of ours. Pakistan is currently facing up to 18 hours of electricity outage a day, is expected to face more if not dealt with in time.

Current Energy Crises

Current Energy Annual Shortfall goes even up to 5,000 MW Annual Increase in Energy Demand: 8-12% Peak Demand: 13,000 18,000 MW Todays Energy Shortfall: 3,059 MW

Conventional options for power generation

Hydropower Coal Oil (conventional/diesel) & Gas (indigenous/import) Nuclear

Hydropower Energy

Present demand of electricity in country in actual is above 17,000 MW and will be 30,000 MW by year 2017 Energy deficit was 3,000 to 5,000 MW . Hydropower Potential - 100,000 MW 70 % of hydro potential lies in KPK

Hydropower Stations.

Current Hydropower stations:

Tarbella Dam : 3,478 MW Ghazi Brotha: 1450 MW Mangla 1,000 MW Warsak 240 MW Chashma 184 MW

Potential Hydropower stations:

Diamer-Bhasha Dam 4500 MW Munda Dam Swat river in Mohamand Agency 740 MW Kalabagh Dam 2400-3600 MW Bunji Dam 5400 MW

Nuclear Energy
Pakistan has around 30 thousand metric tons of uranium. Pakistan has two nuclear reactors of 425 MW power. It is only 2.4 % of the electricity production.

Coal Energy
Pakistan produces only 0.2 % of its power through coal. The current coal production in Pakistan is only 3.5 million tons per year. In Pakistan, there are plans to build only two 300 MW coal-fired plants at Thar.

Causes of energy crises

Crises in hydropower energy Crises in coal Crises in oil & gas Crises in nuclear Poor governance Corruption Electricity theft

Hydropower
Environmental impact Provincial disputes Geological Long development and construction phase Financing Snow melt unpredictability (climate change?)

Coal Mining challenges (deep mining technology and lack of

expertise) Quality of coal Water requirement Long development and construction phase Financing Environmental impact

 Indigenous resources depleting (oil & gas reserves)

Imported oil based energy expensive and price volatile Iran pipeline - International politics Burden of energy insecurity

Oil & Gas

Nuclear Obstacles due to international concerns

Financing Long lead time Project execution delays and cost overruns Cost of waste management

Poor policy making:

The months of January to May have very low hydropower available since reservoirs are empty and snow melt will not, start till June. The Tarbela reservoir receives about 95 percent of its water through snow melt. The natural gas is in short supply and is available only to produce 29 percent MW of electricity. As over 50 percent of current generation is dependent on furnace oil, it is not viable for the government to purchase and provide oil at such high price. Therefore, many plants are either shut or producing much below their capacity.

POOR POLICY MAIKNG:

In any case, renewable resources of energy like solar energy and wind energy should be explored. Neighboring China is rapidly moving towards alternative energy. Lack of transparency is the biggest hurdle in development of alternative energy. In one report, Nepra did not allow setting up of wind mills in Sind as the power companies demanded 8 cents per unit and Nepra was adamant to pay Rs 7.5. This was back in 2007. Now in 2011, Nepra is willing to pay 16 cents per unit, to the same companies, how ironical?

Effects of energy crises in Pakistan

Effects on industry. Unemployment. Effect on foreign exchange. Agriculture. Effect on poverty.

 SOLUTIONS

SOLAR ENERGY
Solar power (photovoltaic or thermal) is another alternative energy source option that is generally considered feasible for tropical and equatorial countries.Solar plants are generally used in cases where smaller amounts of power are required at remote locations.Solar power is also the most expensive of all options making it less attractive.

Conclusion.
Energy Crisis has, more or less, plagued all sectors of Pakistans machinery ranging from economy to industry, agriculture to social life, inflation to poverty and it is hampering national progress in a drastic manner. Nonetheless, menace of energy crisis can be overwhelmed by government through making effective policies and its proactive implementation. Simultaneously, it is the responsibility of us, the people of Pakistan, to utilize the available energy astutely and wisely to play our due role for progress of the country.