More of effective writing

Paragraph development

 Is a group of sentences that forms a unit

Components of a paragraph
 Topic sentence
 Coherence

 Unity

 Adequate development
Topic sentence
 expresses the main idea of a paragraph
 Theme sentence

 The rest of the paragraph illustrates the

theme
Ex: many television cartoons contain an
unhealthy amount of violence
 Burying the topic sentence within the
paragraph is another way writing but is
not preferred by many
Coherence
 Clear and logical linking of ideas in a
paragraph
 Repetition of key words

 Catch a word or phrase that is important

and use it when necessary
 Instead of repeating ideas
 “You can fool some people all the time,
all the people for sometime but you
cannot fool all the people all the time”
Repetitive device
 Fool, some, all and time
 Ex: the broadcast packet switching
should be distinguished from the store-
and-forward variety. To handle demands
of growth, our system can be extended
using repeats for signal regeneration,
filters for traffic localization, or gateways
for internet work address extension
Revised
 The broadcast packet switching should
be distinguished from the store and
forward variety. To handle the demands
of growth, our system can be extended
using packet repeaters for signal
regeneration, packet filters for traffic
localization, or packet gateways for
internet work address extension
Transitional tags

 And however
 But nevertheless
 Yet moreover
 For on the other hand
 Or

 Hence

 Later
 Addition ----and or again first second
next

 Time ----- while after when meanshile

during next then in the past immediately
later soon following afterwards
 Place ----here there nearby beyond
wherever opposite to adjacent to
bordering
Parallelism
 Parallelstructures are powerful to
communicate
 Coordinating conjunctions

Ex: Either or, neither nor, on the one hand

…on the other not only but also
Features of a paragraph
 Controlling idea
 An idea that directs the paragraph
development
Ex: There is an unhealthy amount of
violence in television cartoons
Explanation of controlling idea
 Though work force may not assign
homework to its workers in the traditional
sense many of the objectives and that
need to be completed require that
employees work with deadlines. The
deadlines students encounter in the
class may be different in content when
compared to the deadlines of the
workforce
Completion of paragraph
 Transitionof one paragraphs idea into
next paragraph
Ex: Developing good habits of turning in
assignments in class now, as current
students will aid your performance and
position as future participants in the
working world.
Length
 There is no fixed rule about the length of a
paragraph
 Generally kept short
 Long paragraphs distract and tend to be
boring
 Of equal size
 Uneven length of paragraphs leaves the
impression of uneven development of ideas
 Make paragraph divisions based on unity
 If you find more than one topic, put each
topic into a separate paragraph
 Construct short paragraphs for memos,
letters, circulars, notices and similar
documents
 Do not show variation in the length of the
paragraphs
Paragraph development
 Illustration

 Comparison and contrast

 Cause and effect

 Classification

 Problem and solution

Examples

 Man’s fascination with machinery that move under their

own power and control is at least as old as recorded
history. In Aristotle’s Greece, plays of several acts are
said to have been performed entirely by automatic
puppets driven by weights hung on twisted cords. Much
later, European royalties were enthralled by life-like
automata that could write, draw and play musical
instruments. In recent years, most of the magical aura
surrounding mechanical automata has been dispelled.
Today automatic machines and industrial robots are used
in factories throughout the world to perform tasks that are
too hazardous, too onerous, too boring, or simply too
uneconomical for human beings to undertake