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x x
It is read as sigma, so the formula is ( The s um of the x values divided by the n umber of xs. )
x
Frequency, f
We still need to add up the x values and divide by the number of xs. However, we have more than one of each x value. The frequencies show we have 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3
111 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 so, mean, 10 n 31 5 2 2 3 More simply, x 10 fx xf This is written as x or f f
x x
3
or
fx x f
xf f
Some of you have textbooks using the 1st of these ways of writing the formula and others the 2nd.
this order should avoid a common error in another formula that we will meet soon. xf 1 3 2 5 3 2 So, mean, x 1 9 10 f
x f
12 5
16 8
18 9
22 6
27 2
mean,
xf x f
Instead of using the calculator to multiply each x by f, we enter the data as lists or cards ( depending on which calculator we have ). You will need the Statistics option. Try this now with the above data.
x f
12 5
16 8
18 9
22 6
27 2
mean,
xf x f
Now go back through the data to check that you have entered the correct numbers before continuing. This is tedious but essential ( every time )!
Next select the menu that shows the results and you will find x and other results we will use later. We get x 17 9 ( 3 s.f. ) ( We usually give answers to 3 s.f. )
mean,
xf x f
where x is the time (mins) and f is the number of children ( the frequency ).
x
No. of children
1-10 5 5 3531
11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61 15 5 25 5 35 5 45 5 55 5 2129 994 292 433 193 111
mean,
xf x f
where x is the time (mins) and f is the number of children ( the frequency ).
For grouped data, the group mid-values are used for x. To find these just average the upper and lower values 1 10 11 20 given for each group. e.g. 5 5, 15 5, . . . 2 2
x
No. of children
1-10 5 5 3531
11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61 15 5 25 5 35 5 45 5 55 5 70 5 2129 994 292 433 193 111
mean,
xf x f
where x is the time (mins) and f is the number of children ( the frequency ).
As we are not given the longest time we must make a sensible assumption. Ive chosen 80 mins. ( giving 705 for the mid-value ).
x
No. of children
1-10 5 5 3531
11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61 15 5 25 5 35 5 45 5 55 5 70 5 2129 994 292 433 193 111
where x is the time (mins) mean, and f is the number of children ( the frequency ). We can now enter the data into our calculators and find the mean.
mean, x 16 4 mins ( 3 s.f.)
xf x f
x x
xf x f
For grouped data use the frequency data formula, taking each x to be the mid-point of the group. ( Remember that for ages, the group boundaries are not the same as with other data. )
Calculator use: Enter x and f values and use statistical functions to find the answer.
Unless told otherwise, answers are given to 3 s.f.
1.
2.
5, 11, 14, 7, 13
x f 1 1 2 8 3 13 4 17 5 10 11-20 7 10-19 25 6 11 21-30 13 20-59 16 31-40 17 60-99 9
3.
Length (cm) f
1-10 4 0-9 11
4.
Age (years) f
5, 11, 14, 7, 13
Solution: 2.
x x 10 n
x f
1 1
2 8
3 13
4
4 17
5 10
6 11
Solution:
xf x f
Length (cm) x f
1-10 55
11-20 155
21-30 255
31-40 355
13
17
Solution: 4.
xf x f
26 0 ( 3 s.f. )
Age (years) x f
0-9 5 11
10-19 15 25
20-59 40 16
60-99 80 9
N.B. Age data so the u.c.bs. are 10, 20, . . . making the mid-points 5, 15, . . . xf x 29 3 ( 3 d . p. ) f