THE EVOLUTION OF CALCULATORS

Group Members: Nejo Varghese

Mahesh Navale
Nikhil Karemore Roshni Nair Medha Rewadekar

Mitali Sharma
Prajakta UthayaKumar Nitya Desul

4000 12000 B.C. CLAY TABLETS

Sumerians kept track of commercial transactions on clay tablets. The Sumerians were the first known civilization and it is

believed this system was the precursor for the calculator.

3000 B.C. - ABACUS

Babylonians create an abacus following the Sumerians. The

abacus would spread throughout Egypt, Greece, Persia and Asia.

1ST CENTURY B.C.

GREEK ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM.

Antikythera Mechanism is dedicated to astronomical phenomena and operates as a complex mechanical "calculator" which tracks the cycles

of the Solar System. The Antikythera Mechanism dates from around

the 1st century B.C. and is the most sophisticated mechanism known from the ancient world.

1452 - 1519
LEONARDO DA VINCIS MECHANICAL CALCULATOR

First mechanical calculator may have been conceived by Leonardo da Vinci around 1502.

1600 - NAPIERS BONES

Invented by John Napier for multiplication, and based on the ancient numerical scheme known as the Arabian lattice.

1620 - LOGARITHMIC RULE

Edmund Gunter developed a logarithmic rule for multiplication
and division using dividers, which was the forerunner of the slide rule.

1622 CIRCULAR SLIDE RULE

William Oughtred invented the circular slide rule, and in 1633 described the rectilinear version.

1623 CALCULATING CLOCK

William Schickard designed the first calculator to assist in multiplication known as the Calculating Clock."

1642 - PASCALINE

Blaise Pascal developed a mechanical calculator - the Pascaline. Capable of addition, subtraction was performed by nines- complement addition,

and multiplication was performed by repeated additions and

subtractions.

1674 - STEPPED RECKONER

Gottfried Leibniz constructed the first calculator capable of multiplication

and division. He Developed the Stepped Reckoner using stepped gear

wheels. Performed the 4 functions, add subtract multiply and divide.

1820 - ARITHMOMETER

Charles Xavier Thomas invents the Arithmometer that becomes first mass produced calculator.

1822 - DIFFERENCE ENGINE

Charles Babbage conceived the original Difference Engine

1874 - THE ODHNER CALCULATOR

The Odhner calculator, invented by the Swedish engineer W.T. Odhner, is based on the pin-wheel principle.

1884 - COMPTOMETER

Dorr E. Felt invents the Comptometer, the first succesfull key-driven

adding and calculating machine. In 1886 he joined with Robert Tarrant to form the Felt & Tarrant Manufacturing Company

1890 - CALCULIMETER
Invented by Charpentier of France

1902 - THE DALTON

The Dalton adding-listing machine was the first of its type to use only ten keys first 10-key add-lister.

1947 - CURTA MINIATURE

Curta miniature hand-held mechanical

calculator introduced

1961 - ANITA MK VII AND ANITA MK8.

First electronic desktop calculator - Bell
Punch/Sumlock Anita Mk VII and Anita MK8 - based on cold-cathode vacuum

tubes. Orange discharge tube displays

used.

1978 SOLAR CALCULATORS

The worlds first solar powered calculators were
released.

1978 - MINIATURE CALCULATORS

Casio releases first miniature calculator Casio Mini Card LC-78.

1993 THE NEWTON

Apple releases the first personal digital assistant the Newton.

2001 MICROSOFT POWER CALCULATOR

Microsoft develops Power Calculator for Windows XP as part of Power Toys." Power Calculator allows users to perform calculations, conversions, evaluate and graph functions. It is a free app.

2011 APPLE IOS5

Apple releases ios5 that brings modern calculators to smartphone users.

CONCEPT CALCUATORS : LEXON ROSWELL

CALCULATOR
It has a transparent screen that displays the information. The Roswell

calculator is made from a single piece of aluminium

CONCEPT CALCUATORS : TWIN CALCULATOR

The hand-held twin calculator designed by D.K. & Wei offers a flexible way for one to work on mathematics - A solar-powered digital calculator is

built on the front with a full touch interface for an efficient calculation.
Meanwhile, one can always enjoy fun calculating with beads from a back Mini Chinese abacus!

THANK YOU!