Language, Dialect, and Varieties

Firdha Malik Hasannudin Jumana Risca Febrina Tian Dini Agustina

Introduction
Language variety is one of the main topics of sociolinguistic. Kridalaksana (1974) as cited in Chaer and Agustina (2004: 61) defined sociolinguistic as a branch of linguistic which try to explain characteristic of language variety and determine the correlation of language variety characteristic with the characteristic of society. Language variety is an interesting topic to be discussed since we live in heterogenic and vary community. That is why we think that language variety should not only be admitted but also understood, appreciated, and preserved

Discussion
Language
According to Chaer and Agustina (2004: 11) language is a system, which means that language is formed by a number of components that has constant pattern and can be regulated.

Characteristics of Language
Language is arbitrary Language is productive Language is dynamic Language is vary Language is humane

Language Variety
Hudson in Wardhaugh (1986:22) defines a variety of a language as a set of linguistic items with similar distribution. The existence of language variety is mainly caused by: Background of speakers origin; Speakers social community; Speakers culture; Situation; Attitude; Point of view or topic of discussion; The way to use language

Language Variety Based on the Speaker

Any variety of a language characterized by systematic differences in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary from other varieties of the same language is called a dialect.

Language Variety Based on the Speaker

a) b) c) d)

Idiolect Regional Dialect Temporal/Chronological Dialect Social Dialect

Banyumasan
In Javanese language, it is also known by its dialects. One of them is from Banyumas or usually called by Banyumasan. It is used in the west of central Java.
Characteristics of Banyumasan: the domination of vocal a sharp pronunciation of k there is no level pattern (unggahungguh)

History of Banyumasan
Jawa Kuna which does not use level pattern changes into Jawa Anyar which involves unggahungguh. It products two levels of language, they are Jawa Ngoko and Kromo. This change started from the end of Pajang kingdom or the beginning of Mataram at the middle of 17th century.

The different of Banyumasan is possibly caused by the position of Banyumas itself (west of center Java) which is far from the central of power and culture of Java in Surakarta and Yogyakarta. Therefore, this change does not happen in Banyumas.

Deals with the level, position, status, and social status of the language speaker, there are language varieties which are called by : a. Acrolect b. Basilect c. Vulgar d. Slang e. Colloquial f. Jargon g. argot, and h. chant.

Language Variety Based on Its Function (Functional Variety)

Language variety based on its function is known by register. This variety deals with the usage of the language in specific field such as journalistic, military, economic, trade, education, etc.

Language Variety Based on Formality

According to Martin Joos (1967) stated that there are five style of language. They are: a. frozen style b. formal style c. consultative style d. casual style, and e. intimate style.

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

Language has its variety. That variety is caused by heterogenic of speakers whether it is about its geographic, social interaction, background of speakers origin, or attitude and etc. It also causes the existence of dialect. Language is varied based on the speaker function and its formality. The differences of language make diversity and variety of dialect, and they have their own beauty that should be preserved. No one will respect and appreciate except ourselves. So, do not be shame to admit, use, your own dialect wherever you come from.

Thank You