الرحيم
ورحمته م عَليڪم
السل ُ
الله
1
Under Kind Supervision
Dr. K.B. Mirbahar
Professor
Department of Animal Reproduction
By:
Sajid Aziz Samo
2K8-AR-156 2
Physiology
OF
PLACENTA
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PLACENTA
An organ characteristic of true mammals during pregnancy,
Joining mother and offspring, providing endocrine secretion
And selective exchange of soluble blood borne substances
Through apposition of uterine and trophoblast vascularized
parts
HORMONE
A chemical substance produced in the body which has a
specific regulatory effect on the activity of certain cells or a
certain organs
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PLACENTAL HORMONES
PROTEIN HORMONES
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ( eCG)
Placental Lactogen
Protein B
STEROID HORMONES
Estrogen
Progesterone
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EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN ( eCG)
COMPOSITION
Glycoprotein (α & β subunits) similar to LH and FSH,
and higher carbohydrate contents
α have 92 amino acids and 2 carbohydrates
β have 145 amino acids and 5 carbohydrates
Higher sialic acid.
Cups form 45th day of pregnancy until 85th day of
pregnancy.
have a 40,000 Daltons molecular weight
eCG synthesize from syncytotrophoblastic cells
eCG found in both urine and blood
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EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN ( eCG)
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CONT…………..
FUNCTIONS
Stimulate ovarian follicles ( some ovulate and some
lutinize and produce progestogen which maintain
pregnancy
Commercially use for super ovulation
eCG has a primarily luteining and luteotropic and little
bit FSH activity
Detection of Pregnancy will helps by eCG
It detects in urine after 8 days of conception by
sensitive immunoassay
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CONT…………..
COMPOSITION
Protein in nature with chemical properties similar to
prolactin and growth hormone
22,000 to 23,000 Daltons molecular weight
In the ovine with 192 amino acids
Isolation from placental tissue, but can not detect in
serum of pregnant animal until the last trimester of
pregnancy
More Important As Growth Hormone Not As Prolactin
FUNCTIONS
Regulate and transport maternal nutrients to fetus and
do growth
Play role in milk production. Large quantity present in
dairy cow’s and lower in beef cow’s 10
PROTEIN B
COMPOSITION
Protein in nature
FUNCTION
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ESTROGEN
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PROGESTERONE
FUNCTIONS
Development of decidual cells into the uterine
Endometrium (provide nutrition)
Decreasing the contractility of gravid uterus to prevent
abortion
Development of the conceptus before implantation
Progesterone helps estrogen to prepare mammary
glands for lactation
Progesterone inhibit secretion of the pituitary
Gonadotropin LH and FSH. To prevents ovulation during
pregnancy.
Suppression of contractility in uterine smooth muscle.
This is called the "progesterone block" on the
Myometrium.
Support of the Endometrium to provide an environment
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conducive to fetal survival.
Placental Hormones
Glycoprotein: α
Chorionic
is 96 amino Activity similar to LH
Gonadotropin
acids; β is 147