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WATER
It is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O.

A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bond.
Liquid at ambient conditions, but it often coexists on Earth with its solid state and gaseous state.

waterandmoreblog.com

POLLUTION
It is an introduction of harmful pollutants into certain environment that make this environment unhealthy to live in. The most common pollutants are usually chemicals, garbage, and waste water.

Environmental pollution is happening in many parts of the world, especially in form of air and water pollution.

buzzle.com

WATER POLLUTION
It is any chemical, physical, or biological change in the quality of water that has harmful effects to any living thing that drinks, uses, or lives in it. It is an alteration of water, which reduces the quality of its usefulness to people, plants, animals, and properties.

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Water pollution together with air pollution are the most serious form of environmental pollution. Water pollution increases the impact of air pollution, because the more polluted the water gets the better the chance there is that some of these pollutants will evaporate into the air.

MARINE POLLUTION
It is a type of pollution common in sea water. It is due to following reasons:

Due to spilling of oil from naval transport


Accidents of oil transporting naval transports

During loading and unloading of oil in naval transports. Leakage of oil and from the oil wells located nearby sea shore.

ORGANIC POLLUTION
It occurs when an organic matter enters the water. When organic matter increases in a river, the number of decomposers increases. These decomposers grow rapidly and use a great deal of oxygen during their growth. This leads to depletion of oxygen as the decomposition process occurs. A lack of oxygen can kill aquatic organisms.

As the aquatic organisms die, they are broken down by organizers which lead to further depletion of the oxygen levels.

chemistryexplained.com

THERMAL POLLUTION
It occurs when water is used as a coolant near a power or industrial plant, and then is returned to the aquatic environment at a higher temperature than it was originally. It can lead to a decrease in the dissolved oxygen level in the water while also increasing the biological demand of aquatic organisms for oxygen.

tutorvista.com

CHEMICAL POLLUTION
It is caused by industrial and agricultural works that make use of chemicals containing toxic pollutants that run-off into rivers, and lakes. Metals and solvents from industries. Pesticides used in farming to control weeds, insects, and fungi. Petroleum that usually contaminates water through oil spills when a ship ruptures.

wecanlivegreen.com

ECOLOGICAL POLLUTION
It occurs when chemical pollution, organic pollution, or thermal pollution is caused by nature rather than by human activity.

Its examples are:


Increased rate of siltation of a waterway after a landslide which would increase the amount of sediments in run-off water. When a large animals, such as a deer, drowns in a flood and large amount of organic material is added to the water as a result.

Volcano eruption.

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howitworksdaily.com

SEWAGE & WASTEWATER


Sewage is wastewater that often contains feces, urine, and laundry wastes. It is mainly biodegradable and most of it is broken down in the environment. It is treated in plants but its waste is often disposed into the sea. Untreated sewage can contaminate the environment and cause diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid fever.

impactlab.net

INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Industry is a huge source of water pollution because many of these industrial facilities use freshwater to carry waste from the plant into rivers, and lakes. Industrial wastes contain pollutants such as asbestos, lead, mercury, nitrates, phosphates, sulfur, oils, petrochemicals which are harmful not only to aquatic life but also to humans.

teslkoreanews.com

NUCLEAR WASTE
It is produced from industrial, medical, and scientific processes that use radioactive materials. It has a detrimental effect to living things once they are exposed to it. It is also caused by the mining and refining of uranium and thorium.

dingo.care2.com

townnews.com

DUMPING
Littering biodegradable or non-biodegradable anywhere may run-off into bodies of water which in turn pollutes rivers, and lakes and harm aquatic life. Biodegradable trashes are organic matter that increases the amount of decomposers which result to the depletion of oxygen level. Non-biodegradable trash such as plastics, styrofoam, foam, and aluminum may take years before it degrade.

ocean.nationalgeographic.com

ANIMAL WASTES
It is a type of organic wastes that increases the number of decomposers as well as it increases the amount of nitrates and phosphates in the water.

fountainvalley.org

SILTATION
It is caused by floods, and landslides.
The excessive amount of sediments in rivers, lakes, and oceans contaminates water, blocks sunlight, and suffocates aquatic animals.

wri.org

AGRICULTURAL RUN-OFFS
Large amounts of herbicides, and pesticides that contains toxic pollutants used by farmers are washed into waterways. These fertilizers can increase the amounts of nitrates and phosphates. The accumulation of nitrates and phosphates in the water will result to algal blooms. As more algae there will be, there will be a decrease in the oxygen level.

The process of rapid growth followed by increased activity of decomposers and depletion of the oxygen level is called eutrophication.

ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION
It is the pollution of water caused by air pollution. In the atmosphere, water particles mix with carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, this forms a weak acid. When it rains the water is polluted with these gases, this is called acid rain. It lowers the pH balance of the waterways.

epa.gov

1) Spread of diseases: Drinking polluted water can cause cholera or typhoid infections, along with diarrhea. 2) Affects body organs: The consumption of highly contaminated water can cause injury to the heart and kidney. 3) Harms the food chain: Toxics within water can harm aquatic organisms, thus breaking a link in the food chain. 4) Causes algae in water: Urea, animal manure and vegetable peelings are food for algae.

Algae grow according to how much waste is in a water source. Bacteria feed off the algae, decreasing the amount of oxygen in the water. The decreased oxygen causes harm to other organisms in the water.
5) Flooding: The erosion of soil into waterways causes flooding, especially with heavy rainfall.

6) Economy: It cost more for treating polluted water than preventing water pollution.

CHARITY BEGINS AT HOME


Check for any illegal setups of pipes.
Periodic cleaning and maintenance of septic tanks. Use less plastic. Conserve water!

DISPOSE HAZARDOUS WASTE APPROPRIATELY


Never dump liquid waste into sinks and toilets.

ENFORCING EXISTING LAWS


One of the best ways to prevent water pollution. UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) MARPOL International convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1978) Clean Water Act (1972) Safe Drinking Water Act (1974)

STOP DEFORESTATION
FOREST FACTORIES & BUILDINGS absorbs RAIN WATER RAMPANT DEFORESTATION

PLANT AND GROW MORE TREES!

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURES
Uses vegetation and soil to manage rain water.
Provides flood mitigation and air quality management.

PREVENTING OIL SPILLS


A single quart of motor oil that seeps into groundwater can pollute 250,000 gallons of drinking water. Prefer public transportation.

DENITRIFICATION
Nitrogen
Bacteria in soil

Nitrates

Immobilization is a process where the nitrates become part of the soil organic matter.

O2

Another Form of Bacteria Turns nitrates into gases

Nitrogen, Nitrous Oxide and Nitrogen Dioxide

PREVENT EMISSIONS
Preventing emissions from factories and production plants which dispose toxic pollutants that may lead to mercury poisoning or acid rain.

Emission of Toxic Pollutants

ATMOSPHE Toxic Pollutants mix with REWater Vapor

FACTORIE S

ACID RAIN

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