1. This layer of our atmosphere extend upwards to 10 mi. in the tropics, 7 mi.

in the temperate latitudes and about 5 mi. at the poles: A. Stratosphere B. Troposphere C. Ionosphere D. Exosphere

THE ATMOSPHERE
EXOSPHERE THERMOPAUSE

THERMOSPHERE
MESOPAUSE MESOSPHERE STRATOPAUSE STRATOSPHERE TROPOSPHERE 5 MI. 7 MI. 10 MI.

TROPOPAUSE

TROPSTRAMESTHEREX

2. It is the change of deviation for a heel of 1 while the vessel is on compass heading 000. A. Coefficient B B. Coefficient D C. Coefficient J D. Coefficient E
1. 2. 3. COEFF. A- CONSTANT IN ALL HEADINGS. B- SEMI CIRCULAR DEV.,SINE OF COMPASS HEADING. C - SEMI CIRCULAR DEV.,COS OF COMPASS HEADING. D- QUADRANTAL DEV., SINE OF TWICE THE COMPASS HEADING. E- QUADRANTAL DEV.,COS OF TWICE THE COMPASS HEADING. J- DEV. FOR HEEL OF 1 DEG.

4.
5.

6.

3.You are planning a voyage to San Francisco from Japan. Which publications contain information on the oceans routes? A. Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) B. Sailing Directions (Enroute) C. Coast Pilot D. World Port Index

 4. Magnets are placed in horizontal trays in the compass binnacle to compensate for the: A. permanent magnetism of the ship B. magnetic fields caused by electric currents in the vicinity C. change in the magnetic field when the vessel inclines from the vertical D. induced magnetism in the vessels horizontal soft iron

5. It is a semi-circular which is proportional to the sine of the compass heading. It is the maximum on compass heading east or west, and zero on compass heading north or south: A. Coefficient A B. Coefficient C C. Coefficient D D. Coefficient B

6. On Sept. 23, 1997 about 7 a.m. the ship time (approximate L.M.T.D.R. Long.45W. the ships chronometer reads 10h-00m-00s. what is the Greenwich Time and Date? A. GMT 10h-00m-00s Date: Sept. 24 B. GMT 22h-00m-00s Date: Sept. 23 C. GMT 10h-00m-00s Date: Sept. 23 D. GMT 22h-00m-00s Date: Sept. 24

LZT = 07 00 SEPT.23,1997 ZD = 3 (+) (W) GMT =10 00 SEPT.23,1997

 7. Time element is often of vital importance in piloting a vessel in inter-island waters. Which of the following is correct watchkeeping procedure for an officer to perform for the safety of the ship? A. Assign a steersman who does not have a keen ability to steer, and have tolerance in his straying from the prescribed course B. Organization and training of watch keeping crew who will assist in any way during his watch C. A thorough knowledge of the methods and techniques of piloting D. Study the chart of the area to familiarize with channels, shoals, tides, currents, aids to navigation inside the chartroom when on watch

 8. Which magnetic compass corrector(s) can be set while the vessel is on a heading magnetic North or magnetic South? A. Quadrantal spheres NE,SE,NW,SW B. Heeling magnets E/W C. Fore-and-aft magnets HANS OR D. Flinder bar E /W FEW

 9. What is the cause of variation which affects the directive force of a magnetic compass of a ship? A. Magnetic force from the earths magnetic field B. Magnetism within the vessel C. Lack of oil in the compass bearings and point D. Worn gears within the compass housing

 10. According to Buys Ballots Law, when an observer in the Northern Hemisphere experiences a northwest wind, the center of low pressure is located to the: A. Northeast B. West- Southeast C. Northwest D. South- Southeast

 11. A planet referred to as the morning star will: A. appear in the eastern sky and western sky B. appear in the western sky C. appear in the eastern sky D. none of these

 12. What may occur when strong currents set over an irregular bottom or meets an opposing current? A. Wave B. Tsunami C. Ebb current D. Tide rips

 13. Your ship is steering 173 true, running 12 knots. At 0522 Hours you see dead ahead a light of a lighthouse 16.7 miles away. You change course to pass the lighthouse 3.5 miles on your port side. Assuming that there is no current, what is your ETA when the lighthouse is abeam? A. 0653 Hours B. 0644 Hours C. 0648 Hours D. 0655 Hours

0522 c 16.7 mi

a?
C

PYTHAGORIAN c2 = a2 + b2 a2 = c2 b2 a = c2 b2 a = (16.7)2 - (3.5)2 = 278.89 12.25 = 16.33 mi.

TAN B = OPP / ADJ ADJ = OPP / TAN B = 3.5 / TAN 12 SOHCAHTOA = 16.33 mi. TIME = DIST / SPEED SIN B = OPP / HYPO = 16.33 / 12 = 3.5 /16.7 = OI h 22 m = 12 = 5 22 = 06 44

b A 3.5 mi.

 14. From a vessel steering East, a lighthouse was sighted dead ahead 10 miles distant. After steaming 5 miles, it bore 078, distance 6 miles. What is the set and drift of the current ? A. S 33,22W 1.83 miles B. S 30,45W 2.00 miles C. S 32,18W 2.43 miles D. S 34,51W 1.52 miles

SINE LAW a = b = c . SIN A SIN B SIN C C + a = c ? a 12 sin A sin C + + A c 5 mi. B Sin C = c sin A a COS LAW = 5 sin 12 a2 = b2 + c2 2bc cos A 1.52 = (6)2 + (5)2 2(6)(5) cos 12 = 4309 = 1.52 mi. 43 09 258 00 + 12 00 - 43 09 55 09 214 51 -180 00 - 180 00 124 51 S 34 51 W

 15. Where would you find information about the time of high tide at a specific location on a particular day of the year? A. Tide Tables B. Tidal Current Tables C. Coast pilot D. Nautical Almanac

 16. Deviation which is maximum on intercardinal headings may be removed by: A. fore-and aft magnets B. transverse magnets C. flinders bar D. soft iron spheres on the sides of the compass

 17. The correction determined by a line drawn from the center of the earth to the center of the moon and a line drawn from the surface of the earth to the center of the moon is: A. Parallax B. Augmentation C. Refraction D. Semi-diameter

 18. When do Neap Tides occur? A. when the sun, moon, and the earth are nearly in the line regardless of alignment order B. at the start of spring, when the sun is nearly over the equator C. when the sun and the moon are at approximately 90 to each other D. the moon is on the first quarter and third phases

 19. What will be the Gyro compass heading of the ship to place it on a magnetic heading North if the variation is 23 E, and the gyro error is 1 W? A. Magnetic compass heading 023, Gyro compass heading 022 B. Magnetic compass heading 337, Gyro compass heading 024 C. Magnetic compass heading 337, Gyro compass heading 022 D. Magnetic compass heading 023, Gyro compass heading 024

 20. For navigational purposes, each great circle on earth has a length of: A. 3,600 miles 360 x 60 = 21,600 B. 12,500 miles C. 5,400 miles D. 21,600 miles

 21. In Asian continent during Northern winter, when it is cooled and no intense high pressure area form over Eastern Siberia, what do you call the wind circulating in the area? A. NE moonsoon B. SE moonsoon C. Anabatic wind D. Katabatic wind

 22. Which of the following in relation to the geographic position of a celestial body is not correct? A. To an observer at the geographic position, the celestial body would be at the Zenith and the altitude will be 90 B. It is possible to draw the whole circle of equal altitude in the navigational charts currently in use C. The geographic position of celestial body will be along the arc of a circle of position or circle of equal altitude D. The altitude of the body to an observer 300 miles away from observer where the body is on the Zenith, will be 85

23. The dew point temperature is: A. always lower than the air temperature B. always higher than the air temperature C. equal to the difference between the water and dry bulbs D. the temperature at which the air is saturated with water

 24. A publication listing the location, characteristics known facilities and available services of many ports, shipping facilities and oil terminals throughout the world: A. Sailing direction B. World port index C. Guide to port entry D. Almanac

 25. Aids to navigation that emits audible signal use to indicate the location where cannot be seen due to reduce visibility: A. Radio signal B. Fog signal C. Loud speaker D. Gong

 26. This is the raising phenomena when the upper limb of the sun is just on the observers visible horizon: A. Theoretical B. Hypothetical C. True sun D. Visible sun

 27. It is the variation change that occurs twice daily due to lunar and solar tide in the earths atmosphere: A. Local attraction B. Diurnal change C. Atmospheric variation D. Celestial variation

 28. Which of the following is not a problem of navigation? A. Determining the direction to go B. Fixing the position of the ship C. Distance run over the water D. Depth of the water

 29. The magnets in the binnacle of a magnetic compass is intended to reduce the effect of: A. local attraction B. deviation C. repel magnetic field influences D. variation

 30. How many points are there in a compass card? A. 4 B. 32 C. 8 D. 24

 31. What is the geographic longitude of a body whose GHA is 215 15? A. 144 45 E B. 35 15 E C. 35 15 W D. 144 45 W
IF GHA < 180 / GP = GHA NAMED W IF GHA > 180 / 360 GHA = GP NAMED E
W GHA G E GP

 32. Which of the following are the only magnetic compass correctors that correct for both permanent and induced effects of magnetism? A. Heeling magnets B. Quadrantal spheres C. Fore-and-aft magnets D. Atwarthship magnets

 33. What do you call the layer of the atmosphere separating the troposphere and the stratosphere ? A. Mesopause B. Exopause C. Stratopause D. Tropopause

 34. A resultant force of the layer pressure gradient which is always directed from high to low pressure: A. Low pressure B. High pressure C. Coriolis force D. Pressure gradient force

 35. Under the IALA-B Buoyage System, when entering from seaward, a buoy that should be left to port will be: A. Black B. Green C. yellow D. red

 36. The observed sextant altitude (Ho) is the altitude of a navigational body measured from: A. the surface of the earth to the center of the body from the sensible horizon B. the center of the earth to the center of the body from the celestial horizon. C. the center of the earth to the center of the body from the visible horizon D. the surface of the earth to the center (or limb if the moon or sun) the body from the rational horizon

 37. Which of the following is not correct in relation to the meridians? A. They are great circles that pass through the poles of the earth B. All are of equal length C. Every point of the circumference of longitudes are equidistant and parallel to the prime meridian D. One is called Prime meridian and one is called the International dateline

 38. What is the correct term for a change in the average wind direction of 45 or more that takes place less than 15 min. with wind speed greater than 10 kts? A. Squall B. Wind shift C. wind movement D. coriolis force

 39. How often is equation of time given in the Nautical Almanac? A. Every hour of the day, monthly B. Every 15 minutes of the day of the year C. Every 30 minutes of the day, monthly D. Every 6 hours of the day of a year

 40. This force diverts the wind towards the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left is the Southern Hemisphere and is most noticeable in higher latitudes: A. Squall B. Wind shift C. Wind movement D. Coriolis force

 41. Course over the ground is the direction of the path actually followed usually a somewhat irregular line. What is the correct term for the direction to which the vessel is pointed at that moment? A. Track B. Heading C. Relative course D. Directed path

 42. The quadrantal spheres are used to: A. compensate for induced magnetism in vertical soft iron B. removed deviation on the inter-cardinal headings C. removed heeling error D. removed deviation on the cardinal compass headings

 43. These are charts intended for coastwise navigation outside outlaying reef and shoals (1:150,000 to 1:600,000 scale): A. General charts B. Sailing charts C. Coast charts D. Harbour charts

CHART CLASSIFICATION
1.HARBOUR CHART- (1:50,000 & LARGER SCALE) USE IN HARBOUR AND SMALLER WATERWAYS. 2.COASTAL CHART- (1:50,000 150,000) USE FOR INSHORE NAVIGATION, ENTERING/LEAVING HARBOURS. 3.GENERAL CHART- (1:150,000 600,000) OUTSIDE OF OUTLYING REEF AND SHOALS. 4.SAILING CHART- (1:600,000 & SMALLER SCALE) USE FOR VOYAGE PLANNING,FOR SAILING BETWEEN DISTANT COASTWISE PORT.

 44. The sailing directions (enroute) contain information on all of the following EXCEPT: A. tidal currents B. other dangers to navigation C. ocean currents D. major port anchorages

 45. Which of the following statements in relation to the theory of celestial navigation is NOT correct? A. if an observer moves 4 miles away from the direction of a celestial body, its altitude will change 1 minute B. an observer on the earths surface sees the altitude of a celestial body rise or set with a change in time C. the altitude of a celestial body also changes with a change in the observers position D. distance on the earths surface is measured in degrees as well as in miles

 46. To process the gyrocompass to the approximate heading of the ship, we press on the : A. mercury ballistics B. vertical ring C. compensating weights D. rotor housing

 47. Isobars connect lines of equal pressure. What do you call those concentric circles centered on the position of lowest pressure in a weather map? A. Isobath B. Isobrout C. Isobars D. Isoclinal

 48. The velocity of the current in a large coastal harbor is: A. predicted in tide and current tables B. generally constant C. generally weak to be concerned about D. unpredictable

 49. This is inversely proportional to the frequency being greatest VLF. It enables the reception of radio waves at a considerable distance away from an obstacle: A. Diffraction B. Refraction C. Absorption D. Scaterring

 50. This scale of chart represents a small area, usually anchorages, harbors and small waterways: A. Small scale chart B. General chart C. Large scale chart D. Pilot chart

 51. On a mercator chart, how would a great circle appear? A. convex towards the equator B. loxodromic C. straight line D. concave towards the equator

 52. This layer of the ionosphere is characterized by, during the day maximum ionization occurs but at night becomes weaker by 2 orders of magnitude and in a constant height: A. F layer B. C layer C. E layer D. D layer

 53. The sun is the principal cause of ionization in what ionosphere layer are signals particularly erratic because of the rapidly fluctuating conditions within layer itself? A. E layer B. D layer C. F layer D. C layer

 54. You are sailing in navigable water of the United States. You must have a currently corrected copy (or extract) of the following per CFR 164.33.Which is not included? A. sailing directors B. tide tables C. list of lights D. Pollution Prevention Regulations

 55. When steering a course of 159 true, you wish to observe a body for a latitude check, what would be the azimuth have to be? A. 090 B. 000 C. 260 D. 060

Zn = 000

LOP

LAT

159

LONG

AZIMUTH: LATITUDE 000 / 180 LONG. - 090 / 270 SPEED - PARALLEL SET - PERPENDICULAR

 56. When the light of a lighthouse is not of sufficient power, the______ range is given in the light lists. A. Luminous - EXISTING VIS. OR VIS. AT THE MOMENT B. Charted - CURVATURE OF THE EARTH C. geographic D. minimum NOMINAL RANGE- VIS OF 10 N.M. ON
CLEAR WEATHER

 57. If the wind speed exceed two knots more stable_______ waves gradually form and progress with the wind. A. Oscillatory B. Gravity C. attenuated D. seismic

 58. You are attempting to locate your position with reference to hurricane center in the Northern Hemisphere. If the wind direction remains steady but velocity diminishes with time, you are most likely: A. on the storm track ahead the center B. on the storm track behind the center C. on the right hand semi-circle D. on the left hand semi-circle

 59. The risk of a vessel dragging her anchor is caused by: A. bad holding ground B. strong tidal current C. strong winds D. short scope of the cable

 60. Your ship is at long. 17959 W. The mean time is 23h 56m 56s on March 8,1997. Six minutes later your ships position is long.179 59.8 E. Your local mean time and date is: A. 24h 50 m March 9 LMT - 23h 56m 56s mar. 8 B. 00h 50m March 9 (+) 6m C. 00h 02m March 8 00h 02m 56s mar. 9 (+) 1 day D. 00h 02m March 10 LMT 00h 02m 56s mar.10 180 LONG. E LONG. W WLY CO.
EASTING = ADV.1HR./RET. 1 DAY (ELY CO.)
WESTING= RET.1 HR./ADV. 1 DAY (WLY CO.)

 61. Which of the following statements in relation to the Horizon System of the celestial sphere is NOT correct? A. The primary circle of the Horizon System is the rational horizon B. Verticals are secondary to the rational horizon and intersect the circles of altitude at right angles C. The plane of the primary circle of the Horizon System passes through the center of the earth D. The zenith and nadir are the poles of the Horizon System

 62. What is the angle between a line in the direction of gravity and the plane of the equator called? A. Geodetic angle B. Geographical angle C. Deflection of the vertical D. Astronomical latitude

 63. Equation of time is the angle at the pole between the meridian of the true sun and the meridian of: A. the observer B. Greenwich C. the apparent sun D. the mean sun

 64. While observing the moon it is noted that the sun west of the moon. The moon is more than half. Which of the following is correct in describing the state of the moon? A. Crescent-waxing B. Crescent-waning C. Gibbous-waxing D. Gibbous-waning

 65. The probability of a sudden wind may be foretold by: A. a partly clouded sky B. an overcast sky C. a fast approaching line of dark clouds D. the information of cumulus clouds in the sky

 66. The phantom element of a gyrocompass is kept in alignment with the sensitive element by the: A. azimuth motor B. transmitter C. mercury ballistics D. master alternator

 67. The air is Saturated is an expression which means: A. the relative humidity is 100% B. cloud cover is 100% C. the vapor pressure is at minimum for the prevailing temperature D. precipitation has commenced

 68. What instrument is set on a gyro compass repeater fitted with a prism for observing the direction of the sun? A. Bearing circle B. Alidade C. Azimuth circle D. Stadimeter

 69. The rise and fall of oceans surface due to a distant storm is known as: A. Sea B. Fetch C. Swell D. Waves

 70. A violent, intensely cold wind laden with snow mostly or entirely picked up from the ground or any heavy snowfall accompanied by strong wind; A. Tornado B. Gust C. Blizzard D. Dust whirl

 71. In plotting three bearings taken by compass with constant error, the position will not meet in a common point. The position is normally called: A. triangular error B. dead reckoning C. estimated position D. running fix

 72. Which of the following is the cause of winds blowing from high pressure area to a low pressure area deflects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere? A. Difference in air temperatures B. Rotation of the earth on its axis C. Movement of the earth on its orbit around the sun D. Magnetic attraction from the earths magnetic fields

 73. The prevailing winds in the band of latitude from approximately 15 north to 30 north are called the: A. Doldrums B. Horse latitudes C. Northeast trade wind D. Southeast trade wind

74. The error introduced in a gyro compass by the motion of a vessel along its track is: A. speed error B. heeling error C. latitude error D. lateral error

 75. The spherical triangle being solved in computing altitude and azimuth of a celestial body and in solving Great Circle Sailing is: A. navigational triangle B. celestial triangle C. terrestial triangle D. astronomical triangle

76. The fog most commonly encountered at sea is called: A. radiation fog B. smog C. frost smoke D. advection fog

 77. What causes the waves on the surface of the sea? A. Tides B. Submarine earthquakes C. Volcanic eruptions D. Wind

 78. After passage of a cold front the visibility: A. improves rapidly B. does not change C. becomes poor D. improves only slightly

 79. In a fine normal day, the highest reading of a barometer occurs 2 times a day. This occurs at what time? A. 0400 Hours and 1600 Hours - LOWEST B. 0800 Hours and 2000 Hours C. 0000 Hours and 1200 Hours D. 1000 Hours and 2200 Hours

 80. SHA of star is 214, GHA of Aries is 277 longitude of the observer is 159W. Find the LHA of the star: A. 028 GHA = 277 B. 290 (-)w = 159 C. 330 LHA = 118 (+)SHA* = 214 D. 332
LHA* = 332

 81. The arc drawn from the geographic position of a celestial body equal to the radius of the circle of altitude is which of the following? A. Altitude B. Co declination C. Zenith distance D. Declination

 82. What is added to the vertical ring of a gyrocompass to affect symmetrical distribution of correction on the vertical axis of a gyrocompass? A. Compensator weight B. Mercury ballistics C. Dashpot dampers D. Modulator

 83. When getting a position by bearing lines, why is nearer objects preferable than those at considerable distance? A. Constant error decrease with distance B. Linear error increase with distance C. Constant error increase with distance D. Linear error decrease with distance

 84. When navigating a ship of piloting, which of the following is true/ A. There is no immediate danger of grounding B. The proximity of other vessels increases the possibility of collision C. Courses and speed are maintained for long periods of time D. You have to take star sights to check the ship position and take an amplitude during twilight

 85. A local wind which occurs during the daytime and is caused by the different rates of warming of land is called: A. Land breeze B. Anabatic breeze C. Sea breeze D. Katabatic breeze

 86. During a lunar eclipse, the moon is about: A. full moon B. last quarter C. first quarter D. new moon

 87. The height of the tide is the: A. depth of water at a specific time due to tidal effect B. difference between the depth of the water at high and at low tide C. difference between the depth of the water and the high water tidal level D. vertical distance from the tidal datum to the level of the water at any time

88. An apparent force causing a deflection of ocean currents to the left in the southern hemisphere is: A. gravitational pull B. difference in air pressure over the ocean C. trade winds D. coriolis force

 89. A correction for refraction is applied to observed altitudes taken of: A. Venus and Mars only B. The sun only C. The moon only D. All celestial bodies

 90. The primary wind build which has the greatest effect on the set, drift and depth of the equatorial currents is the: A. Doldrums B. Horse C. Northeast trade wind D. Southeast trade wind

 91. What causes the wind to deflect to the left in the Southern Hemisphere instead of blowing directly from a high pressure area to a low pressure area? A. Doppler effect B. Magnetic attraction from the earths magnetic fields C. Coriolis force D. Inversion

 92. The impact to a locality hit by the wind of Public Storm Signal number 2 is: A. Banana plants may be stripped of leaves B. Some coconut trees may be tilted and others broken C. Nipa houses and cogon roof are totally blown down D. Inter-island vessels can still sail but stay close to shore

 93. Which month will the equatorial counter current be strongest? A. January B. August C. May D. December

 94. Which of the following in relation to lines of position is correct? A. A vessel may be presumed to be located on such a line accurately as a result of measurement or observation B. Lines of position are great value but can be error because of imperfection instruments used for obtaining them C. A line of position may be considered of unquestionable accuracy inspite of human limitations in the use of navigational instruments D. It may considered that every line of position is very accurate and highly reliable

 95. You want to make a good course of 040 True, and a speed of 12 knots. A current is setting east with a drift of 3 knots. Total compass correction is 8 W. What is the course to steer ? r B A. 029 er CMG/SMG em SET/DRIFT B. 031 ? mr CTS/SPD C. 026 50 D. 036 + e SINE LAW: A 3 KTS. m
a = b Sin A Sin B Sin B = b Sin A a = 3 Sin 50 10.33 = 12.8

A = 50 B = 13 (+) COS LAW: 63 a2 = b2 + c2 2bc cos A 180 (-) = (3)2 + (12)2 2(3)(12)cos 50 C = 117 = 10.33 90 (-) 27

 96. To measure a distance of 30 miles on a mercator chart between a point in lat. 43 30 N and a point in lat. 40 30 N, the divider is set at; A. 42 00 and 42 30 B. 41 45 and 42 15 C. 42 15 and 42 45 D. 41 30 and 42 00

 97. What American Agency publish the Light Lists? A. Oceanographic Office B. Army Corp of Engineers C. United States Coastguard D. National Ocean Service

 98. The greatest depth where there is free horizontal communication between a large depression or more or less oval form is called: A. sill depth B. gulley C. deep D. detritus

 99. What is the diurnal type of tide? There is/are ______ each tidal day. A. one low and no high tides B. one high and one low tides C. one high and no low tides D. no tide occurs

 100. Your ship is sailing in area where a current sets NW with a drift of 3 knots. Your speed by engine is 10 knots. You want to make good course of 240. The total compass error is 4E. Find the compass course to steer: A. 219 B. 225 C. 210 D. 224

er = CMG / SMG em = SET / DRIFT mr = CTS / SPD.

B a m

SET = 315 CMG = - 240 ANGLE A= 75

SINE LAW c a = c 3 KNOTS ? SIN A SIN C 75 + e SIN C = c SIN A A b a ANGLE A = 75.00 = 3 SIN 75 ANGLE C = 16.84 (+) 10 91.84 = 16.84 180.00 (-) ANGLE B = 88.16 135.00(+) 223.16

The air is Saturated is an expression which means: --the relative humidity is 100% The dew point temperature is: --the temperature at which the air is saturated with water The ratio of the amount of water vapor actually in the air to the amount that would be in the air if the air were saturated is known as: --relative humidity