INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE REASONING

Prepared by: Ms. Rose Anne B. Camacho

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 One of the tools used in proving is

reasoning.

Deductive Reasoning

Inductive Reasoning

 DEDUCTIVE REASONING is a type

of logical reasoning that uses accepted facts to reason in a stepby-step manner until we arrive at the desired statement.

 In deductive reasoning, you assume

the hypothesis is true, and then write a series of statements that leads to the conclusion. Each statement is supported by a reason that justifies it. The set of statements and reasons is called a proof.
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 A proof is a logical argument in which

each statement you make is supported/justified by given information, definitions, axioms, postulates, theorems, and previously proven statements.

 REMEMBER:
POSTULATE is a statement that is

accepted without proof.

THEOREM is a statement accepted

after it is proved deductively.

 A simple syllogism is an argument

made up of three statements: a major premise, a minor premise (both if which are accepted as true), and a conclusion.

EXAMPLE 1:
x: All football players are muscular. y: Joshua is muscular. z: Joshua is a football player
x is the general statement y is the particular statement z is the conclusion

EXAMPLE 2:
x: All kangaroos are marsupials. y: All marsupials are mammals. z: All kangaroos are mammals.

EXAMPLE 3:
x: The area of a square is the square of the length of its side. y: ABCD is a square whose side is 5 units. z: The area of ABCD is 25 units.
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 Do Activity 7: Cubra Cube

page 301 of your manual.

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 INDUCTIVE REASONING take

specific examples to make general a rule. In this kind of reasoning, you look for patterns among a set of data and use these patterns to make an educated guess. This educated guess is called a conjecture.
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 Note that the conjecture derived

from inductive reasoning might be true, but it is not necessarily true.

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EXAMPLE 1: Fill in the blanks. Describe the pattern you find.

31 ___, 46 ___ 64 a. 1, 4, 10, 19, ___, 15 ___, 21 ___ 28 b. 1, 3, 6, 10, ___,

a. Add 12, 15, and 18 b. Add 5, 6, and 7

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 Inductive reasoning may not always

lead to the right conclusion. This is because some important factors have been overlooked.

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 Inductive reasoning may not always

lead to the right conclusion. This is because some important factors have been overlooked.

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 EXAMPLE 2:

34 ___, 66 ___, 130 1. 3, 4, 6, 10, 18, ___, 33 ___, 65 ____ 129 2. 2, 3, 5, 9, 17, ___,

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 Do EXERCISE 3 on page 330 of your

manual. Do Activity 2on page 330 of your manual.

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Reference:
E-Math Third Year pp. 26 30 by Oronce
Grade 8 Learners Manual

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