LGA 3102 SONGS AND POETRY FOR YOUNG LEARNERS - SONGS prepared by : FATIN DARATUL AIN AIN FATIHAH

HANI SYAZWANI AKASHAH OSMAN ASHRAFUQAL BIN AHMAD

INTRODUCTION

Children's song may be a nursery rhyme set to music, a song that young children invent and share among themselves, or a modern creation intended for entertainment, many are used for amusement, with clever word play and sometimes surreal humour, use in the home, or education.

As they are usually learned aurally (by ear) rather than learned from a book, they are particularly susceptible to being changed. It is striking how often the printed or sung versions in one place differ from those from other sources. Many of these songs were and are continually changed, added to, subtracted from and remade.

Although childrens songs have been recorded and studied in some cultures more than others, they appear to be universal in human society. Singing is a great way to introduce, improve and strengthen language skills. This is true for young people and adults, however, young people probably are the most willing to join in the fun and sing along.

A song originating among the people of a country or area

Passed by oral tradition from one singer or generation to the next Marked by generally by simple, modal melody and stanzaic, narrative verse

Often existing in several versions

Traditional folk songs

Row, Row, Row Your Boat Traditional, Written by: Unknown, Copyright: Public domain Row, row, row your boat, Gently down the stream. Merrily, merrily, merrily, merrily, Life is but a dream.

Contemporary folk songs cover topics from love and relationships to racism, terrorism, war, voting, education, and religion, among other things.

In the version commonly sung today,

"Old MacDonald Had a Farm" is a children's song and about a farmer and its respective sound. named MacDonald (or McDonald, Macdonald) and the Old MacDonald had a farm, EE-I-EE-I-O, various animals he keeps on his And on that farm he had a [animal name], farm. Each verse of the song EE-I-EE-I-O, changes the name of the animal and its respective noise With a [animal noise twice] here and a [animal noise twice ] there
the lyrics allow for a substitutable animal Here a [animal noise], there a [animal noise], everywhere a [animal noise twice] Old MacDonald had a farm, EE-I-EE-I-O. For example, a verse using a cow as an animal and moo as the cow's sound:

Old MacDonald had a farm, EE-I-EE-I-O.

And on that farm he had a cow, EE-I-EE-I-O. with a moo moo here and a moo moo there Here a moo, there a moo, everywhere a moo moo Old MacDonald had a farm, EE-I-EE-I-O.

Malay folk song: Rasa Sayang

"Rasa Sayang" (pronounced [rasa saja], literally "loving feeling") is a Malay folk song popular in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore.

The basis of "Rasa Sayang" is somewhat similar to Dondang Sayang and many other Malay folk songs, which take their form from the pantun, a traditional ethnic Malay poetic form

Malay folk song: Rasa Sayang

Rasa sayang, hey!, Rasa sayang sayang hey, Hey lihat nona jauh, Rasa sayang sayang hey! Buah cempedak di luar pagar, Ambil galah tolong jolokkan, Saya budak baru belajar, Kalau salah tolong tunjukkan, Pulau pandan jauh ke tengah, Gunung daik bercabang tiga, Hancur badan dikandung tanah, Budi yang baik dikenang juga, Dua tiga kucing berlari, Mana sama si kucing belang, Dua tiga boleh ku cari, Mana sama abang seorang,

Because this song is in pantun form, for each quatrain, there is no relevance of the first two lines to the message conveyed by the last two except to provide the rhyming scheme.

There are many version of the lyrics of "Rasa Sayang", but it usually starts with this refrain: Rasa sayang, hey!Rasa sayang-sayang hey,Hey, lihat nona jauh,Rasa sayangsayang, hey The refrain is then followed by a wide variety of popular Malay pantun

Pisang emas dibawa berlayar, Masak sebiji di atas peti, Hutang emas boleh dibayar, Hutang budi dibawa mati,

R&B : The History

Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated to R&B and RnB, is a genre of popular AfricanAmerican music that originated in the 1940s. The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans, at a time when "urbane, rocking, jazz based music with a heavy, insistent beat" was becoming more popular.

In the early 1950s, the term rhythm and blues was frequently applied to blues records.

Starting in the mid-1950s, the term "R&B is used to refer to music styles that developed from and incorporated electric blues, as well as gospel and soul music.

By the 1970s, rhythm and blues was used as a blanket term for soul and funk.

In the 1980s, a newer style of R&B developed, becoming known as "Contemporary R&B".

Contemporary R&B
Contemporary R&B (also known as simply R&B) is a music genre that combines elements of rhythm and blues, pop, soul, funk and hip hop. Contemporary R&B has a polished record production style, drum machinebacked rhythms, and a smooth, lush style of vocal arrangement.

Electronic influences are becoming an increasing trend, and the use of hip hop or dance-inspired beats are typical, although the roughness and grit inherent in hip hop may be reduced and smoothed out.

R&B: Typical Instruments

Drum kit
Double bass

Saxophone

Horns

Piano

Organ

Electric guitar

Vocals

Background vocalists

Contemporary R&B: Typical Instruments

Synthesizers Keyboard

Drum machine

Vocal

R&B: Examples

Some of the R&B vocalists are: Michael

Jackson Mariah Carey Beyonce Mary J. Blige Alicia Keys Adele Ne-Yo

Jazz
Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in black communities in the Southern United States. It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. Its African pedigree is evident in its use of blue notes, improvisation, polyrhythms, syncopation and the swung note.

From its early development until the present day, jazz has also incorporated elements from American popular music.

As the music has developed and spread around the world it has drawn on many different national, regional and local musical cultures giving rise, since its early 20th century American beginnings, to many distinctive styles.

Jazz: Typical Instruments

Saxophone Clarinet Flute Vibraphone

Trumpet

Piano

Guitar

Banjo

Tuba

Double bass

Bass guitar

Vocals

Trombone

Drum kit

Jazz: Examples

Some of the Jazz vocalists are:Frank Sinatra Norah Jones Corrine Bailey Rae

Some of Jazz musics are used as cartoon theme songs for example:Pink Panthers opening sequence by Henry Mancini The jazzy theme from The Flintstones

BALLAD

In the fifteenth century the word referred to a song meant to accompany a dance

referred to the French verse form (possibly set to music) for which we now reserve the term `ballade

modern definition of the ballad was defined by the work of Francis James Child

He describes the ballad as a song that tells a story, or to take the other point of view.

More formally, a short poem, adapted for singing, simple in plot and metrical structure, divided into stanzas, and characterized by complete impersonality so far as the author or singer is concerned."

Characteristics of traditional ballads

A ballad tells a story.

The emphasis is on action and dialogue, not description or characterization.

A ballad has a simple metrical structure and sentence structure.

It is sung to a modal melody.

It derives from an oral tradition, and is of anonymous authorship.

tend to cut to the heart of a story: This is what happened. This is who was there. This is what they did. This is what they said.

The emphasis is on action and dialogue, not description or characterization

Often the entire story is pared down to a dialogue

(Child # 13): - For example in the song in "Edward

"How came this blood on your shirt sleeve, O dear love, tell me, me, me?" "It is the blood of my old gray hound That traced the fox for me..."

- Not much attention is paid to what the characters are wearing, how lovely the trees are, or what a broken heart feels like.

A ballad has a simple metrical structure and sentence structure.

sometimes referred to as the "ballad stanza" or "ballad measure".

most common balladic stanza form consists of four lines, with either four stresses per line

Examples
THE CRUEL MOTHER
A young woman becomes pregnant while unmarried. She kills her child after it's born and later sees its ghost. Sometimes there are two children.

LORD RANDALL

A young man has a conversation with his mother in which it is revealed that he has been poisoned by his sweetheart.

Lullabies

Definition:

Origin:

a quiet, gentle song sung to send a child to sleep.

a soothing song, usually sung to young children before they go to sleep, with the intention of speeding that process. As a result they are often simple and repetitive.

mid 16th century: from lull + bye-bye, a sound used as a refrain in lullabies; compare with bye-byes

Why lullabies?

Provide opportunities for childrens growth and development and loving relationship between parent and child.

Foundation for future language growth because the child's environment can have its most profound impact before age four when intelligence is growing most rapidly (Howle 1989)

Brings a sense of calmness and security to the sensitive infant.

Help the infant become accustomed to the feelings of sound motion.

Blues

Defined as a melancholic music of black American folk origin, typically in a twelve-bar sequence.

It developed in the rural southern US towards the end of the 19th century, finding a wider audience in the 1940s, as blacks migrated to the cities. This urban blues gave rise to rhythm and blues and rock and roll

Why Blues?

meets the needs of a wide variety of students with different learning styles and preferences

Collaboration nurtures natural talent and leadership

English speakers improve language, and slower readers learn reading at a higher level of complexity.

POP

Pop music is hard to define. The word "pop" comes from "popular", so in one sense you could say that "pop music" is whatever happens to be popular music. But the term "pop music" usually means a particular type of music that started being popular from the 1950s onward. At first, in the 1950s and 1960s, pop music was the same as rock-and-roll music, but slowly it developed into its own genre. The most important features of pop music are: It's easy to listen to, or in other words it appeals to most people. It consists of fairly short songs by popular artists. It is highly commercialized by record industries. Pop music encourages dancing, and uses a beat that is easy to dance to.

POP
Pop music has been influenced by many kinds of popular music, such as ballads, gospel, soul music, jazz, country, rock music, classical music, dance music and so on. We all have heard pop music because it is commonly played in supermarkets, malls, on radio, in public transportation, and so on.

POP

Below are some examples of current pop song that is appropriate for young learners : "Firework" - Katy Perry Common Sense Media says this unusually clean Katy Perry Song emphasizes self-esteem. It's profanity-free, has no references to sex or substances and encourages kids to rise above their insecurities, light their inner spark and let their colors shine. You go girl! "Stereo Hearts" Gym Class Heroes featuring Adam Levine This love song compares the singer's heart with a stereo that beats for his true love pretty tame stuff. You'll be singing along to your own stereo when you listen to this song by American band Gym Class Heroes, with Adam Levine, the lead singer of Maroon 5. "Feel Again" OneRepublic The whole family can safely enjoy this clean pop song about recovering from the pain of lost love. Lots of woo -hoos to sing along to, and a great fast-paced beat for kids to get their groove on.

REFERENCES

http://esl.about.com/library/weekly/aa112800a. htm http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/scotlands songs/about/songs/children/index.asp http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children's_song http://www.pianolessons4children.com/genres/ pop-music.php http://www.sheknows.com/entertainment/articl es/972059/10-pop-songs-for-kids-that-dontinvolve-sex-drugs-or-lady-gaga

References

http://www.edutopia.org/blog/kids-like-blues-musicvideo-jon-schwartz http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lullaby#cite_noteP._Opie.2C_1951.2C_p._6-1 http://lullabies-of-europe.org/UK/UKWhy.htm http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/lulla by?q=lullabies http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/blue s?q=blues http://www.education.com/reference/article/importa nce-lullabies/

REFERENCES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasa_Sayang http://www.kididdles.com/lyrics/traditional.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_Child_ Ballads http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/ballads/early_chil d/#perf