Ebrahim Karami

Thursday, February 17, 2011

February 17, 2011 Ebkarami@sce.carleton.ca
Introduction
Cognitive radio to exploit sparsity of the spectrum.
Licensed users as primary users (PU).
Cognitive radios as secondary users (SU).
To take advantage of the spectrum sparsity first the spectrum must be
sensed (SS).
Some SS methods are Energy detection, LRT, match filtering,
cyclostationary detection and ... .
Energy detection does not need extra information about the PU and
therefore it is more popular.



February 17, 2011 Ebkarami@sce.carleton.ca
Introduction

Probability of detection (PD) and probability of false alarm (PF)
are two important parameter to measure the performance of the
sensing.

The interference induced from the SU on the PU is proportional to
the probability of misdetection (1-PD).

The throughput of the SU is proportional to 1-PF.

Cluster size Optimization in Cooperative Spectrum Sensing

February 17, 2011 Ebkarami@sce.carleton.ca
Introduction

Spectrum sensing can be performed as either distributed or
cooperative.

Cooperative spectrum sensing improve PF for given PD (and vice
versa) but it requires extra bandwidth for negotiation between
SUs and cognitive BS.

the overhead associated with the communication of initial
decisions and the waiting time is rather negligible for small
cluster sizes, it becomes more important as the cluster size
increases. Consequently there is an optimum cluster size which
results in the maximum effective throughput.


Cluster size Optimization in Cooperative Spectrum Sensing

February 17, 2011 Ebkarami@sce.carleton.ca
System Model

+
=
1
0
H n s h
H n
r
k k
k
k
i
m
k
i
k
i
r >

=1
2
The distribution of the signal at the output of the energy detector
in H0 and H1 Scenarios is centralized and non-centralized Chi-
square respectively.
( ), , m Q P
i i m
i
d
2 =
|
|
.
|

\
|
= m , P
i i
f
2
1

I
February 17, 2011 Ebkarami@sce.carleton.ca
Sensing Fusion
( ), P P
N
n
n
d
OR
d [
=
=
1
1 1
( ), P P
N
n
n
f
OR
f [
=
=
1
1 1
, P P
N
n
n
d
AND
d [
=
=
1
. P P
N
n
n
f
AND
f [
=
=
1
Conventional sensing fusion methods are the And-rule,
the Or-rule and the min M out of N rule.
February 17, 2011 Ebkarami@sce.carleton.ca
Previous Work on CR
Spectrum sharing using coalition games
Dynamic distributed coalition formation protocol for spectrum sharing.
Analysis of the proposed protocol in terms of throughput, mean and
variance of the required time to reach the grand coalition.
Outputs:
One conference paper accepted for presentation in ICC2011.
One journal paper submitted to IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
Communications, special issue on advances in military networking
and communications.

February 17, 2011 Ebkarami@sce.carleton.ca
Current Work on CR
Optimization of the cooperative spectrum sensing

1. Cooperation between SUs improves the precision of the
sensing but it requires some extra bandwidth for negotiations
between members of the cluster. We resolve this problem with
cluster size optimization.

2. Decisions received from the other members of the cluster is
noisy and sometimes not trustable. A new optimized fusion
method is proposed to resolve this problem.

3. Sensing fusion is performed as centralized. A new adaptive
distributed cooperative spectrum sensing is proposed to
resolve this problem.
February 17, 2011 Ebkarami@sce.carleton.ca
Throughput versus Cluster Size
Assume each SU spends m of each Ts symbols for
spectrum sensing. The effective throughput of each SU
is
( ) | |
i N
tot
d
tot
f
s
i
C ,..., , N , P P
T
N m
R
1
1 1
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, N , P R
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N m
max Arg N
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d
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N opt

|
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.
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\
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= 1 1
February 17, 2011 Ebkarami@sce.carleton.ca
Numerical Results
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Cooperation cluster size
N
o
r
m
a
l
i
z
e
d

t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t


AND rule
OR rule
SNR=-5dB
SNR=0dB
SNR=5dB
Normalized achievable throughput for
m=0.05Ts
February 17, 2011 Ebkarami@sce.carleton.ca
Numerical Results
Normalized achievable throughput for
m=0.2Ts
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Cooperation cluster size
N
o
r
m
a
l
i
z
e
d

t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t


AND rule
OR rule
SNR=5dB
SNR=0dB
SNR=-5dB
February 17, 2011 Ebkarami@sce.carleton.ca

Any comment?