WATER AVAILABILITY

(In Billion Cubic Metre) Total Precipitation : 4000

Total Water Availability

Total Utilisable Water

:
:

1869
1122 (690 SW + 432 GW)

Indias Population
Indias Water Resources Water Indias Land Resources Land

:
: :

16% of World Population

4% of Global Resources 2.5% of Global Resources

PER CAPITA WATER AVAILABILITY

Water Availibilty (Cubic meter per capita per year)
6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1951 1991 2001 2025 2050
Water Stress Line Water Scarcity Line

WATER DEMAND
Sector 2000 Irrigation Domestic Industry 541 42 8 Water Demand in BCM 2010 688 56 12 2025 910 73 23 2050 1072 102 63

Energy Others
Total

2 41
634

5 52
813

15 72
1093

130 80
1447

As per the Standing Sub-committee for assessment of availability and requirement of water for diverse uses.

India, Water Budget

Total Precipitation Total River Flow Total utilizable water Surface sources 690 bcm

4000 bcm 1869 bcm 1122 bcm

Ground water

432 bcm

Even this 1122 bcm utilization is possible only if we manage to take the storage capacity from present 177 bcm to ultimate 384 bcm)

Agr. demand by 2025 Agr. demand by 2050

901 bcm 1022 bcm

India - Sources Of Pollution

MUNICIPAL SEWAGE
RUNOFF FROM SOLID & MEDICAL WASTES & AGRICULTRAL FIELDS

75%

25%

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION

POINT SOURCES

DISPOSAL OF DEAD BODIES & ANIMAL CARCASSES

NON POINT SOURCES

OPEN DEFECATION & CATTLE WALLOWING

Impacts on Untreated return after Use

Domestic: 423 Class I Cities and 499 Class II towns harboring population of 20 Crores generate about 26254 mld of wastewater of which only 6955 mld is treated. (about 25%)
Domestic sewage is the major source of pollution in India in surface water which contribute pathogens, the main source of water borne diseases along with depletion of oxygen in water bodies. Sewage, agricultural run-off & industrial effluents contribute large amount of nutrients in surface water causing eutrophication

Industrial: About 57,000 polluting industries in India generate about 13,468 mld of wastewater out of which nearly 60% (generated from large & medium industries) is treated. Non-point sources also contribute significant pollution loads only in rainy season with good flows in river system.
Pesticides consumption is about 1,00,000 tonnes/year of which AP, Haryana, Punjab, TN, WB, Gujarat, UP and Maharashtra are principal consumers. Indian pesticide consumptions are low relative to fig. elsewhere.
Basic Source: CPCB / MoEF

Comparision of pollution load generation from domestic and industrial sources

30000 26254 25000 20000 15438 15000 10852 10000 5244 5000 0
Wastewater gen (mld) BOD Generation (t/d) BOD Discharge (t/d)

Industrial Domestic

4100 2033

Water Withdrawals

Source: World Bank

FIGURE 2. River-basin development phases. Source: Keller et al. 1998.

Identification of Polluted Water Bodies

water quality to In 1988-89, CPCB identified 10 polluted stretches for prioritising pollution control efforts The list was further extended to 37 during 1992-93 The list is now revised to include 86 stretches The concerned State Pollution Control Boards were asked to take adequate measures to restore the desired level

Total riverine length under different water quality status

7000

BOD < 3 mg/L

6000

BOD 3-6 mg/L

5000

BOD >6 mg/L

Riverine length, Km

4000

3000

2000

1000

0 JK HP PB HR UP RJ MP BH WB OR AP MH GU States KA KE TN AS MG MN AR SK NG MZ GO DL

River basin-wise riverine length under different level of pollution

14000

12000

10000

BOD <3 mg/L BOD 3-6 mg/L

Riverine length, Km

8000

BOD >6 mg/L

6000

4000

2000

Ta Su pi be rn re kh a Br ah m in i M ah an ad i G od av ar i Kr is hn a

an ga Br am ap ut ra Sa ba rm at i

Pe nn ar C au ve ry G ha gg ar M ed iu m

ar m ad a

M ah i

River basin

M in or

In du s