Title

FRAMING ANALYSIS ALONG WITH AGENDA SETTING: EFFECTS OF SATIRICAL TALK SHOWS ON VIEWERS PERCECPTIONS BY ANNA KIRWAN, DIANDRA TRETIU & VALERIE HATCHER

Introduction

Their public persona and actions are frequently framed using Television talk Shows The focus of this study was to measure the impact of satirical talk shows and how they frame a politician

Introduction
According to Harold Lasswell as stated in Graber

(1993), the media performs three major functions

a fourth function should be included: deliberate

manipulation of politics
TV talk shows use several forms of manipulation:

framing, agenda setting, and priming as an extension of agenda setting

Purpose of the study

The purpose of our research was to measure the

effects of satirical talk shows on viewers perceptions of political figures/ political issues.

Theoretical Framework
FATHER OF FRAMING ANALYSIS ERVING GOFFMAN

THE INTELLECTUAL FATHER OF AGENDA SETTING & PRIMING WALTER LIPPMANN

Literature Review 1
RESEARCH DONE BY SHAW,WATTS, DOMKE AND FRAN SHOWS THAT MEDIA COVERAGE CAN CAUSE THE PUBLIC TO FOCUS THEIR ATTENTION ON PARTICULAR TOPICS AND PEOPLES OPINIONS ARE SUBSTANTIALLY SHAPED BY FRAMES AND CUES PROVIDED BY THE MEDIA

Literature Review 2
Research done by Dahmen & Shutz In Bagdikians (1997) assertation, Dahmen states that the media are the authority at any given moment for what is true and what is false, what is reality and what is fantasy (Dahmen, 2010, p. 115).
According to Schutz (1997) most viewers will base

their opinions on a politician in accordance with what they hear or see on talk shows

Literature Review 2
Becker, Xenos, and Waisanen Study (2010) Investigated Satirical talk shows

Larger audience of younger viewers

Provided valuable insights about the role of

politician humor in influencing political behavior

Literature 3
Research done by Ersalew and Young Palins campaign: six parodies aired on SNL

The impact of entertainment-based television has led

to an extensive area of research, allowing scholars to better recognize and clarify the processes responsible for these effects (Ersalew & Young 2010).

Research Question
Do viewers prefer to hear soft news concerning

political issues on satirical comedy talk shows, to Hard News (ie. CNN or Fox News)?
Independent Variable: hard news or soft news Dependent Variable: viewers preference

Independent Variable: hard news or soft news

Conceptual Definition Hard News = CNN and FOX news Soft News= SNL, The Daily Show, The Colbert Report

Operational Definition Contrasting hard news against soft news

Dependent Variable: viewers preference

Conceptual Definition How the viewer chooses to receive their political information.

Operational Definition The researchers ask the participants to use the likert scale and rank which source of news they prefer.

Hypothesis 1
Hypothesis 1: There is a correlation between

satirical talk shows framing of a politician, and the way the audience perceives the politician.

Independent & Dependent Variable of H1

The independent variable for hypothesis one is the

framing of a politician on satirical talk shows.

Conceptual & Operational Definition of the Ind. Var. Dependent variable is the viewers perceptions of a

politician
Conceptual & Operational Definition of the Dep. Var.

Hypothesis 2

THERE IS A CORRELATION BETWEEN THE USES OF COMEDY AND THE INCREASE OF INTEREST IN POLITICAL ISSUES

Independent Variable of H2
IV= USE OF COMEDY THE CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION OF THE USE OF COMEDY OPERATIONAL DEFINITION ON THE USE OF COMEDY

Dependent Variable
DV= IS INCREASED INTEREST OF POLITICAL ISSUES CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION ON INTEREST OF POLITICAL ISSUES OPERATIONAL DEFINITION ON INTEREST OF

Methodology

NON PROBABILITY SAMPLES FACE TO FACE SURVEYS ADMINISTERED TO 100 QU

Findings
The majority of the students surveyed were between

the ages of 19 & 20

Graph of Ages

Respondents
0% 0%

Males 29%

Females 71%

Pilot Study

ADMINISTERED TO 6 QUEENS UNIVERSITY OF QUEENS COLLEGE STUDENTS EXPLANATION OF A SATIRICAL TALK SHOW HELPED IN QUALIFYING PARTICIPANTS

Results for H1
Paired Differences

df

Mean

Std. Std. Error Deviation Mean

Pair 1

Pair 2

Pair 3

ObamaCareDail yShow SatiricalChange dViewObamaCa re ObamaCareColb etReport SatiricalChange dViewObamaCa re ObamaCareSNL SatiricalChange dViewObamaCa re

.39000

1.46263

.14626

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper .09978 .68022

Sig. (2tailed)

2.666

99

.009

.36000

1.48065

.14806

.06621

.65379

2.431

99

.017

.60000

1.61433

.16143

.27968

.92032

3.717

99

.000

Results for H2
Paired Samples Test Paired Differences Mean Std. Deviati on Std. Error Mean 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower SatiricalShows Entertaining Pair 1 SatiricalTalkk GivesAccurate InfoOnPol .57000 1.1481 6 .11482 .34218 Upper .79782 4.964 99 .000 t df Sig. (2tailed)

Results for RQ 1
Paired Samples Test

Pair 1

PreferCNNForPolUpdates PreferSatiricalTalkForPolUpdates

Paired Differences t Mean Std. Std. 95% Deviat Error Confidence ion Mean Interval of the Difference Lower Upper - 1.4437 .14438 .42000 6 .70647 .13353 2.90 9

df

Sig. (2tailed)

99

.004

RQ1

Implications

IN LIGHT OF THE THEORIES FRAMING ANALYSIS, AGENDA SETTING AND /OR PRIMING USED TO CONDUCT

THE RESEARCH DO VIEWERS PREFER TO HEAR SOFT NEWS CONCERNING POLITICAL ISSUES WAS SUPPORTED

Limitatations
-A S K M O R E Q U E S T I O N S M E A S U R I N G

PERCEPTIONS OF A POLITICAL FIGURE AS OPPOSED TO WHAT SURVEYORS HAD HEARD ON SATIRICAL TALK SHOWS - ADDING MORE DEMOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS - SEPARATED THE SATIRICAL TALK SHOWS INTO CATEGORIES

Recomendations
-- M O R E D E M O G R A P H I C A L T Y P E Q U E S T I O N S

INCLUDED IN THE SURVEY - - MORE QUESTIONS ASKED REGARDING PERCEPTIONS (I.E. DO YOU LIKE THIS POLITICIAN? HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT CERTAIN ISSUES THIS POLITICIAN IS TRYING TO PASS?).

Conclusion
SATIRICAL TALK SHOWS SEEMS TO HAVE A LARGE IMPACT ON YOUNG ADULTS FUTURE POLITICIANS

Refernences
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