Major shift in psychiatric nursing thinking (humanistic interactionism) advocating negotiated goals between nurse and client client advocacy political sensitivity caring, and compassion
Development of out-patient services including private practice for nurses Outcome-based research Accurate image of psychiatric nursing Emphasis of the human aspect of mental health work Cultural diversity among psychiatric nurses Integration of philosophic and theoretical perspectives into practice and research
THEORIES
organize data identify problems plan interventions generate goals and nursing actions determine and evaluate outcomes
Hildegard Peplau
the mother of psychiatric nursing, conceptualized the one-to-one nurse client relationship with 4 phases: orientation, identification, exploitation or working, and resolution.
the first published nursing theorist since Florence Nightingale and created the middle-range nursing theory of interpersonal relations, which helped to revolutionize the scholarly work of nurses. Wikipedia
Dorothea Orem
universal self-care requisites: physical and psychosocial human needs clients abilities to perform self-care to maintain life, health, and wellbeing.
Dorothea Elizabeth Orem, born in Baltimore, Maryland, was a nursing theorist and creator of the self-care deficit nursing theory, also known as the Orem model of nursing.Wikipedia
Martha Rogers
defined nursing as a holistic science of unitary human beings Central to nursing
identified principles of homeodynamics the notions of life processes change human-environmental interactions
Martha Elizabeth Rogers was an American nurse, researcher, theorist, and author. Rogers is best known for developing the Science of Unitary Human Beings and for her landmark book, An Introduction to the Theoretical Basis of Nursing. Wikipedia
Sister Callista Roy (born October 14, 1939) is an American nursing theorist, professor and author. She is known for creating the adaptation model of nursing. Roy was designated as a 2007 Living Legend by the American Academy of Nursing
Jean Watson is an American nurse theorist and nursing professor who is best known for her Theory of Human Caring. She is the author of numerous texts, including Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring.Wikipedia
introduced the concept that expert nurses develop skills and understanding of patient care over time through a sound educational base as well as a multitude of experiences (From Novice to Expert)
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
INTERPERSONAL PROCESS: Communication, Caring GOAL Dealing with emotional responses to stress and crisis Learning effective ways of behaving Developing a healthful lifestyle Achieving a realistic and positive self concept RESPONSIBILITIES Therapeutic Relationship Therapeutic Environment
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
USE NURSING PROCESS Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation ROLES
Counselor Teacher Patients advocate Leader, Coordinator, Manager Mother Creator of a therapeutic environment Technician