MANAJEMEN KESEHATAN IKAN

SEFTI HEZA D

BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN UNIVERSITAS SRIWIJAYA

Materi Pembelajaran
1. Hubungan MKI dengan elemen akuakultur

2. Permasalahan umum MKI dalam akuakultur

3. Teknik diagnosa dalam MKI

Manajemen kesehatan ikan

Suatu susunan manajemen praktis pada kegiatan akuakultur yang dirancang untuk mencegah hewan budidaya dari serangan penyakit

An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure

 Klasifikasi penyakit
Non infeksi dan infeksi

Noninfectious
Caused by environmental problems

Infectious
Microbial pathogens: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and metozoa (-todes) Infectious usually preceded by noninfectious Tujuan penerapan Manajemen kesehatan ikan : 1. Mencegah masuknya penyakit pada ikan sehat 2. Mencegah penyebaran agen penyakit 3. Memproduksi ikan dengan kualitas sangat baik (bebas penyakit)

Pencegahan penyakit dilakukan dengan cara : 1. Menerapkan manajemen kualitas air yang baik 2. Menerapkan manajeman nutrisi yang baik 3. Menerapkan sanitasi lingkungan
pemeliharaan kesehatan merupakan suatu konsep dimana hewan yang dipelihara secara terkontrol mampu berkembang optimal pada pertumbuhan, efisiensi pakan, reproduksi, dan sintasan serta mampu meminimalisasi permasalahan terkait infeksi, nutrisi dan penyakit lingkungan sehingga tidak terjadi kerugian produksi

Sejarah Manajemen kesehatan ikan

Snieszko (1958) menyatakan bahwa manajemen kesehatan ikan penting dalam budidaya ikan kami mulai menyadari diantara hewan (incl. Ikan) budidaya terdapat populasi, strain, atau individu yang tidak rentan sepanjang waktu atau pun sementara terhadap penyakit infeksi Klontz (1973) menggabungkan budidaya ikan dan penyakit infeksi menjadi manajemen kesehatan Schnurrenberger and Sharman (1983), membuat empat seri tentang prinsip dasar kesehatan hewan yang diterapkan untuk semua hewan budidaya

Principles of Health Maintenance

Maintain conditions which are designed to optimize growth, feed conversion, reproduction and survival. Intensive aquaculture high numbers, close quarters, lots of food!! (optimal?) Enhance natural resistance
Well managed fish have healthy immune systems! Healthy fish give rise to healthier offspring!

Maintaining Health
Inverse relationship between environmental quality and disease status of fish Changes occur over time (type of system)
Water quality degrades. Fish become more crowded.

Emphasis of Health management:

Physical features of facility Use of genetically improved fish SPF stocks Environmental control Prophylactic/preventative therapy Feed quality and quantity

Fish health management is a positive concept that aids in disease prevention, emphasizes interruption of a disease cycle, deals with multiple segments of health maintenance, and results in more efficient production. Health maintenance does not simply target infectious diseases, but emphasizes proper utilization of physical facilities; use of genetically improved fish and certified specific pathogen free (SPF) stocks whenever available and/or feasible; environmental control; prophylactic therapy; feed quality and quantity, pond, cage, raceway, tank, or recirculating system management; control of vegetation; aeration and use of other water quality maintenance practices; and a management commitment to provide an optimum habitat in terms of water quality for fish being cultured. Its goal is to improve the health and well-being of animals that appear to be generally healthy.

In an aquatic environment, there is a profound and inverse relationship between environmental quality and disease status of fish. As environmental conditions deteriorate, severity of infectious diseases increases; therefore, sound health maintenance practices can play a major role in maintaining a suitable environment where healthy fish can be grown