DIGITAL IMAGES
A 15x12 picture
One Pixel
Resolution
The number of pixels
The higher the resolution, the clearer the picture Increased resolution allows you to zoom in and
see more detail Higher resolution increases the size of the file in memory
Aliasing
Zoomed in 5 times
Colors
RGB (Red, Green, Blue)
How many bits for one color in this cube?
Image Colors
45,000 Colors
256 Colors
Image Colors
45,000 Colors
16 Colors
Image Colors
45,000 Colors
2 Colors
Image Colors
45,000 Colors
Pixel Densities
Resolution Example
Vector Graphics
Stores a description of shapes in the picture Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)
JPEG vs GIF
JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group Forgent Networks claims patent on key algorithm 24 bit color Lossy compression Cleverly removes portions of picture that humans wont see Very good for pictures, realistic scenes Allows use to select amount of compression
Patented by Compuserve 256 colors Lossless compression Good for line drawings, clip art
Digital Cameras
Much like a normal camera in terms of optics
Has advantage of knowing what a picture looks like immediately
Digital Pictures
Image is acquired by
absorbing reflected light and recording the wavelengths (very similar to sampling audio) The sensor takes the place of the film Stored in proprietary RAW format before download to computer Sensor sends digital signals to be processed and stored in non-volatile memory
Megapixels?
What does it mean?
Amount of sensor information Allows for more pixels at maximum resolution
CSI?
Displaying Images
Display types
CRT LCD Gas Plasma
15
Typical resolutions
12 19
4 to 3 ratio
Movies are 16:9
Refresh rate
Interlacing
Graphics Card
Graphics Cards
Hardware that connects monitors to your PC
Have processors, memory, clocks Almost sub-computers Controls resolution and refresh rate
Drivers
Software that allows graphics cards to interface with monitors Specific to Operating Systems Linux often has worse support because fewer people use it
MPEG Compression
MPEG-1
video resolution of 352-by-240 at 30 frames per second (fps) quality slightly below the quality of conventional VCR videos
MPEG-2
offers resolutions of 720x480 and 1280x720 at 60 fps full CD-quality audio sufficient for all the major TV standards, including NTSC, and even HDTV MPEG-2 is used by DVD-ROMs. MPEG-2 can compress a 2 hour video into a few gigabytes decompressing an MPEG-2 data stream requires only modest computing power, encoding video in MPEG-2 format requires significantly more processing power
MPEG-4
graphics and video compression algorithm standard that is based on MPEG-1
and MPEG-2 and Apple QuickTime technology Wavelet-based MPEG-4 files are smaller than JPEG or QuickTime files designed to transmit video and images over a narrower bandwidth and can mix video with text, graphics and 2-D and 3-D animation layers
Digital Animation
Programs used to describe
desired output
Maya
screen at a time
24 fps More for slow motion Takes a lot of computer time