Module 4 - Maintaining Computer Systems and Networks

Topic outline
This module will teach you how to maintain computer systems and networks.
Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: a. Plan and prepare for the maintenance of computer systems and networks

b. Maintain computer systems

c. Maintain network systems d. Inspect and test configured/repaired computer system and networks

Maintaining Computer Systems file Maintaining and Configuring Wired Network file Maintaining and Configuring Wireless Network file Self Check - Module 4 Quiz Comments and Suggestions Forum

Maintaining Computer Systems

Session Objectives
At the end of this session, you will be able to: Perform Scandisk Perform Disk defragmentation Perform Backup Perform Virus Scan

Introduction
Welcome to the module on Maintaining Computer System. This will teach you how to in scan a hard disk for errors, defragment a drive, back-up files and documents and scan for viruses.

How to scan a disk for errors

What is Scandisk? Scandisk is a software utility that comes with the Windows operating system. It detects and corrects errors in the hard disk. Procedures: 1 From the Desktop double click on the My Computer icon. 2 Right click on the hard drive you want to perform scandisk on and select Properties.

How to scan a disk for errors

3 Click on the Tools tab from the Properties windows. Click on the Check Now button from the Errorchecking option. Note that on the Check Disk dialog box, there are two check boxes displayed. Click on the Automatically fix file system errors check box then click on the Start button. After the scandisk is finished, a report of errors found and what has been fixed will be shown. Once done reading the report, click the Close button to exit the dialog box.

How to Perform Disk Defragmentation

What is Disk Defragmenting? Disk Defragmenting is a utility in the Windows that rearrange the files stored on the disk to increase efficiency and reduce access. To understand more on disk fragmentation, READ MORE

http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/ windows-vista/What-is-defragmentation This explains why the disk becomes fragmented and explains why we need to defragment the hard drive periodically.

How to Perform Disk Defragmentation

PROCEDURES: 1 From the Desktop double click on the My Computer icon. Right-click on the C:\ hard drive and select Properties. Click on the Tools tab from the properties windows. Click on the Defragment now button from the Defragmentation option

NOTE: The Windows Disk Defragmenter program Will open and all drives are showed in the Top window pane. Make sure that there is no any program running during this process.

How to Perform Disk Defragmentation

4

The C: drive is where the operating system files and programs are installed by default, so make sure that it is selected, and then click Defragment button

NOTE: A graphical representation will appear to display the process. Gaps represent free space on the hard drive. The less space the between contiguous files (represented by blue bands) and fewer number of fragment files(red bands). Wait until the task is done. 5 At the end of the process, most of the contiguous files should have been moved towards the left side and the majority of the free space on the right. Close the Disk Defragmenter window and resume using your computer.

How to Back Up Files

How to Back Up Files? While hard drives nowadays become very reliable, there is still a chance that they will fail, causing you to lose important files. So its best to back-up documents, pictures and other data on your hard drive from time to time. To back-up a drive is to make a copy of files which and stored these in a separately location from the original files. Procedures: 1 Click on the Start Menu, All Programs, Accessories, System Tools.

How to Back Up Files

2 A dialog box will open. Choose the Wizard mode.

Click Next and choose Back up files and press Next button. Note: Another window will open prompting you to choose what to backup. You may want to back up everything or just a certain folders or important files.
Select Let me choose what to backup and click Next Choose the destination where you want the copy of the files to be stored and then click Next.

Click Finish to proceed backing up your files.

How to Scan and Clean Computer Virus

How to Scan and Clean Computer Virus? A computer virus is a computer program that may affect your hard drive seriously. This may spread within your hard drive or from one computer to another computer using a removable device like CD, DVD or USB drive. Procedures: 1 Make sure that there is already an AntiVirus Scanner installed on your computer. 2 The icon of the AVG AntiVirus Scanner was located at the task bar. Right click the icon on the task bar and click Open AVG User Interface.

How to Scan and Clean Computer Virus

3 Click Computer scanner. You can now decide on what to scan either the whole computer or a particular folder or files. Click on where you want the scanning be performed. Scanning will then proceed on its activity. Wait until finish.

5 After the Scan, this will show results of the process. If no virus found, click on the Close Results button. Youre computer is now safe and virus-free.

How to Scan and Clean Computer Virus

Dont have an anti-virus? Free Download Virus Scan. Click free download to install freeware antivirus software. Click on the link Download AVG Free Edition to begin the installation. This will also show on how to install the software.

NOTE: Do the process regularly to keep your computer safe and free from viruses and other threats. Updating your antivirus scanner is also one important thing to do to keep updated of the latest viruses.

End of session
You have reached the end of this session. You may now proceed to Maintaining and Configuring Wired Network.

Maintaining and Configuring Wired Network

Session Objectives
At the end of this session, you will be able to:
Understand IP Addressing Setup a Workgroup Connect Two (2) Computers Configure File Sharing Configure Printer Sharing

Introduction
Welcome to the module on Configuring and Maintaining Wired Network. This will teach you how to set up a workgroup, connect two (2) computers on a peer-to-peer network, configure file and printer sharing, and understand IP addressing using IPv4.

Understanding IP address
What is an IP Address? An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is the identification number assigned to devices (e.g., computer, printer, smart phone) to connect to an IP network. The Internet Protocol defines an IP address as a 32-bit number, known as Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) which is currently in use today. However, due to the growth of the Internet a new addressing system (IPv6) will eventually replace IPV4. Internet Protocol Version 4 addressing The address is made up of 32 binary bits. The 32 binary bits are broken into four (4) octets (1 octet = 8 bits). Each octet is converted to decimal numbers, separated by a period. For readability IP address is expressed in dotted decimal format (for example, 192.168.81.100). The value in each octet ranges from 0 to 255 decimal. Assigning the IP Address The octets are divided into two sections: Network and Host address. The network section identifies the network which the computer belongs. The host (sometimes referred to as Node) identifies the computer on the network. To determine the network and the host computer a subnet mask is used.

Understanding IP address
The subnet mask divides the IP address into its Network and Host component. The subnet mask like the IP address is also made up of four (4) octets.
The subnet mask divides the network and the host by setting the network address bits to 255 and host bits from 1 to 254.

For example: given an IP Address of 192.168.1.254 and a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0, the network address is 192.168 and the host (devise) is 1.254.
Classful Network Address Classful divides the address for Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) into three main address classes. Each class, coded in the first four bits of the address, defines a different network size, i.e. number of hosts for addresses (classes A, B, C).

Understanding IP address
CLASS Number of Hosts Sample IP Address Subnet Mask 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 CLASS A 128 16,777,216 CLASS B 16,384 65,536 CLASS C 2,097,152 256

Private and Public Address Standards group created private IP addresses have an internal IP address on your network that will not connect directly to the internet. Likewise, computers outside this private IP address cannot connect directly to your network unless they are allowed by the administrator. There are 3 private IP addresses used 10.0.0.0 , 172.16.0.0 and the most popular is 192.168.1.0.

Understanding IP address
DHCP and Static IP addressing The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a protocol that runs in a server or router that provides an IP address to a computer and other devices that are connected to the network. This eliminates duplicate resource assignments.
Static IP address the administrator of the network assigns unique IP address to the computer and other devises that are connected to the network.

How to configure IP Address on PC running Windows

DHCP IP addressing There is no need to configure a newly installed LAN card by default it is already configured to accept IP address from a DHCP server. Static IP addressing 1 Go to "Start", click "Control Panel" Button, click "Network" Icon then "Internet Connections", and click "Network Connections", then right-click on the network connection and then click "Properties".

How to Configure IP Address

How to configure IP Address on PC running Windows

2 On the General tab for a LAN connection (for a local area connection), or the Networking tab (for all other connections), highlight Internet Protocol Version 4, and then click Properties. Select "Use the following IP address" and type in the IP address of your network along with your subnet mask. Click on "Ok" to complete configuring your computers IP address. Make sure that all computers are on one network address to be able to view and share files.

Setting up a Workgroup
What is a Workgroup? A Microsoft workgroup are computers in a network that has the same group name. This is to group computers with similar functions, work, location, etc.. Instructions on how to create a workgroup: 1 Open the "System" icon in the Control Panel. The system properties will appear. 2 Click the "Change Settings" link located in the computer name, domain and workgroup setting area. 3 Click the "Change" button. The Computer domain name/ Domain Changes dialog box will appear.

How to Configure Workgroup

Setting up a Workgroup
4 In the "Member" area, select the options labeled "Workgroup" and type the name of the workgroup. Either enter the name of an existing workgroup or create a new name for your workgroup. The workgroup name should be short and has no spaces between letters. Click "OK" three times to close the computer name change the dialog box, the welcome and the restart messages. Click the "Close" button to dismiss the system Properties dialog Box. Last step is to restart Windows. In order to view all computers belonging to a workgroup, click the "Network" window.

6 7

Connecting two (2) Computers

For this session, you will use: A crossover cable, Two (2) cables, if a switch will be used to connect the two (for newer auto sensing NIC, you can use both straight and crossover cables); and NIC(Built-in or installed) or LAN Card in your computer. Procedure: 1 Assign an IP address for the two computers. Make sure that they are on the same network. You can assign the computers to the same workgroup. 2 Attach one end of the cable to the NIC card of the computers. They are now connected. 3 When you sign a switch, attach one end of the cable to the switch and the other end to one of the computers. Do the same with the other computer. They are now connected.

Configuring File Sharing

What is File Sharing? File Sharing - It is the practice of copying or distributing data, such as computer programs, multimedia including audio, images, and video, documents from one computer to another in the same network. Instructions on how to enable file sharing in Windows XP 1 Click and open My Computer from the Start Menu. 2 Open the "Tools" menu and choose the "Folder Options. 3 Click on the "Vie1w" tab then locate and check the "Use Simple File Sharing (Recommended)" checkbox in the list of "Advanced Settings.

How to Share a Folder

Configuring File Sharing

4 Lastly, Click "OK" to close the "Folder Options" window. The settings for a simple file sharing are now updated

Instructions For File Sharing 1 Go to Start and click on My Computer. Search the file, folder or drive folder to be shared, and click once on the icon to select it. 2 From the File menu, right-click to choose Sharing and Security, click the Network tab in the Properties window. If no "Network" tab appears in the window, and a Sharing tab appears instead, close this window. Make sure that the File Sharing has been.

Configuring File Sharing

3 Click the Share This Folder option in the Properties window to enable sharing of this resource. This allows all other computers on the local network to access file(s) but not modify them. To grant the others permission to modify these files, click the "Allow Network Users to Change My Files" checkbox to enable this option. Make sure that the Network tab is not enabled; always do required settings in the Sharing tab to configure the equivalent sharing. Choose Share this folder to enable desired sharing. Click Apply/OK to save the setting.

Configuring Printer Sharing

Printer Sharing Allows a computer on a network use a printer connected to the same network. Procedure in Sharing a Printer Using Window XP 1 Open the Control Panel in the Start menu. 2 Click on Printers and Other Hardware, and then click View installed printers. The printer properties dialog should be open with the sharing tab selected. 3 Open the Network Connection wizard and follow the steps. After printer sharing is enabled, click on Share this printer, and give the printer a unique share name. Finally, apply the changes by clicking the OK button.

How to configure Printer Sharing

Summary
An IP Address has two different types of IP - Dynamic and Static.
It consist of numbers which carry packets or data through the network. A workgroup is the connection of computers between two or more computers in a network. File sharing gives access to the user to copy or distribute files.

End of session
You have reached the end of this session. You may now proceed to Maintaining and Configuring Wireless Network.

Configuring and Maintaining Wireless Network

Session Objectives
At the end of this session, you will be able to:

Assign IP Address to a computer Connect a Computer to the Wireless Network

Introduction
Welcome to the session on Configuring and Maintaining Wireless Network. This will enable you to gain basic knowledge and skills in Configuring and Maintaining Wireless Network which includes the IP Addressing & Connecting Computer to the Wireless Network.

IP Addressing
What is IP Address An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. IP addresses are binary numbers, but they are usually stored in text files and displayed in human-readable notations, such as 172.16.254.1 (for IPv4) Subnet Mask Is a 32-bit number that masks an IP address, and divides the IP address into network address and host address. Computer Name Is a naming procedure for network, enable the personal computer to be identify in the network, you can use any name for the computer. Workgroup A workgroup is a collection of computers on a local area network (LAN) that share common resources and responsibilities. Workgroups provide easy sharing of files, printers and other network resources.

Connecting Computer to the Wireless Network

Procedure: 1 Check if your router has been configured for a wireless setup, if yes you can easily connect your computer to a wireless network. 2 Click on your Wireless Network Manager icon in the lower-right system/or in the taskbar tray to scan for available networks within range. 3 Locate the network that you want to connect to in the list of available wireless networks. If it is secured, you will see a padlock icon, you cannot connect to this wireless network. 4 Click Connect and Windows will establish the network connection

How to Connect to a Wireless Network

Summary
In this Chapter you learned: IP Addressing Connecting Computer to the Network

End of session
Congratulations! You have completed the online training program for Computer Hardware Servicing. You are now ready to take the assessment for Computer Hardware Servicing National Certification Level II at any TESDA accredited assessment center or venue. For more information about the TESDA Assessment and Certification program you may visit our website athttp://www.tesda.gov.ph/program.asp x?page_id=25 or call our hotline 8877777.

Self Check

Self Check - Module 4

1 The Subnet Mask is a 64 - bit mask that divides the IP address into a network address and host address? Answer: True False. 2 On scanning the Hard Disk for errors, the Check Disk dialog box has two(2) boxes to display Answer: True. False 3 The Internet Protocol (IP) address is a four octet address, where each octet is converted to binary numbers and separated by commas Answer: True False. 4 The Scandisk is a utility in Windows that rearranges the files stored in the Hard Disk Answer: True False.

Self Check - Module 4

5 The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a protocol that runs on a client or in a hub device that provides Media Access Control (MAC) address to a computer and other devices. Answer: True False. 6 The windows disk defragmenter program will open and all drives will be shown on the top of the window panel Answer: True. False 7 A workgroup is a group of computers in a Local Area Network (LAN) that shares common resources and responsibilities. This provides easy sharing of files and printer. Answer: True. False 8 The Wireless Network Manager is found on the Desktop only Answer: True False.

Self Check - Module 4

9 IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing Answer: True. False 10 The IP address has a 4 - class network Answer: True False.

Self Check - Module 4

Answers: 1. False 2. True 3. False 6. True 7. True 8. False

4. False
5. False

9. True
10. False