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Presented By:

Motlak Al-Enazi 301000116 Supervised By: Dr. Osamah December 2013 Topic .

ANTENNA AREEYS

ABSTRACT
THE TECHNOLOGY

ANTENNA ARRAY

MANY APPLICATIONS REQUIRE RADIATION THE PROBLEM

CHARACTERISTICS THAT MAY NOT BE ACHIEVABLE BY A SINGLE ELEMENT.

THE SOLUTION

BE POSSIBLE THAT AN AGGREGATE OF RADIATING ELEMENTS IN AN ELECTRICAL AND GEOMETRICAL ARRANGEMENT (AN

ARRAY) WILL RESULT IN THE DESIRED RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS

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INTRODUCTION
An antenna array is a group of radiators whose currents are of different amplitudes and phases. They use electromagnetic wave interference phenomena to enhance the radiative signal in the desired direction Antenna arrays are the solution to the problem defined as the limitations of operating a single antenna
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INTRODUCTION
The antenna array can be used to: 1.increase the overall gain 2.provide diversity reception 3.cancel out interference from a particular set of directions 4."steer" the array so that it is most sensitive in a particular direction 5.determine the direction of arrival of the incoming signals 6.to maximize the Signal to Interference Plus Noise Ratio (SINR)
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HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
The concept of an antenna array was first introduced in military applications in the 1940s The first articles on improving array performance via geometry optimization dates back to the early 1960s studied linear arrays in 1960 and noted that performance improvement could be obtained by holding the weights constant and varying the element positions In 1961, Harrington [4] considered small element perturbations in an attempt to synthesize a desired array pattern
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PROJECT OBJECTIVES
To know the General Introduction for array antenna To know the application for antenna array To know the Radiation pattern for antenna array

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THEORETICAL
-Number of elements, N - Spacing between elements, d - Current amplitude, an - progressive phase, elements are positioned, each at location given by:

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THEORETICAL
The output of an antenna array can be written succinctly as:

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ADVANTAGES OF ARRAY ANTENNAS RATE

Increase in the overall gain Provides diversity reception Cancels out interference from a particular set of directions Steer the array such that it is more sensitive in a particular direction Used to determine the direction of arrival of incoming signal To maximize the signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) Provide high array gain by using simple antenna elements Provide a diversity gain in multipath signal reception Enabling of array signal processing Provide capability of steerable beam as in smart antennas
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T YPES OF ARRAY ANTENNA

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ACTIVE AND PASSIVE ARRAY

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LINEAR ARRAY

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PLANAR ARRAY

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CYLINDRICAL ARRAY

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CONICAL ARRAY

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MULTIBEAM ARRAY

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MULTI-FACED ARRAY

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RADIATION PATTERN
Normalized separations are /4, /2, and . Since phase difference is zero ( = 0) and the element patterns are uniform (isotropic radiators), the total radiation pattern F() = Fa().

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RADIATION PATTERN
Field patterns of a four-element (N = 4) phased-array with the physical separation of the isotropic elements d = /2 and various phase shift.

4 4

3 4

2 4

The antenna radiation pattern can be changed considerably by changing the phase of the excitation.

2 4

3 4

4 4

APPLICATIONS
Mobile Communications

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APPLICATIONS
satellite Communications

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APPLICATIONS
Radars

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APPLICATIONS
TV antenna

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CONCLUSIONS
At the end, we came out with a number of benefits, including taking a general idea of the kind of antennas and the way they work and the types of this antenna We send out a number of difficulties, including a lack of time and is not available a lot of information clearly

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Thank you

Any Questions?
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