∙ 1 MM
▫ Introduction to applied CFD
▫ Review of the finite volume method
▫ Geometry creation and CAD import
∙ 2 MM
▫ Grid generation
FACE8 – Applied CFD
▫ Grid quality
▫ Grid adaption – static and dynamic
▫ Boundary conditions
∙ 3 MM
▫ Solution methods
▫ Solution quality
∙ 4 MM
▫ Advanced physical models
∙ 5 MM
▫ Post-processing
▫ Validation
1
Literature
2
FLUENT cell types
∙ Choice is a trade-off
FACE8 – Applied CFD
▫ Set-up time
▫ Computational expense
▫ Numerical diffusion
3
FLUENT grid adaption
FACE8 – Applied CFD
4
Grid generation (1)
Hex grids
∙ Characteristics
▫ Simple in terms of numerical methods (easy to implement)
FACE8 – Applied CFD
5
Grid generation (2)
non-uniform hex grids
∙ Characteristics
▫ Still simple from numerical viewpoint
▫ Cells concentrated in regions of strong gradients
FACE8 – Applied CFD
6
Grid generation (3)
tet grids
∙ Characteristics
▫ Highly automated grid generation algorithmes applicable
▫ Local refinement easy
FACE8 – Applied CFD
7
Grid generation (4)
mixed grids, boundary layers
∙ Characteristics
▫ Good grid quality in boundary layer – flow aligned with
surface
FACE8 – Applied CFD
8
Unresolved details
geometrical details
▫ Tube banks (pressure loss, heat transfer etc.)
▫ Packed beds
▫ ...
9
Grid generation (1)
quality and trust
Guidelines:
10
Grid generation (2)
quality and trust, geometrical uncertainties
Have all last minute changes been included in the CAD drawing
Guidelines:
11
Gambit grid quality analysis
∙ Area
∙ Aspect ratio
∙ Diagonal ratio
FACE8 – Applied CFD
∙ Edge ratio
∙ EquiAngle skew
∙ EquiSize skew
∙ MidAngle skew
∙ Stretch
∙ Taper
∙ Volume
∙ Warpage
12
Aspect ratio
max[e1,e2,,,,en ]
FACE8 – Applied CFD
QAR =
min[e1,e2,,,,en ]
a
a +c
e1 =
d 2
b b+d
e2 =
2
c
13
Aspect ratio cont’d
æRö÷
QAR =fç
ç ÷
÷ QAR ³ 1
èr ø
FACE8 – Applied CFD
R
14
Diagonal ratio
max [d1,d2,,,,,,dn ]
FACE8 – Applied CFD
QDR =
min[d1,d2,,,,,,dn ]
15
Edge ratio
∙ Definition
max [s1,s2,,,,sn ]
QER =
FACE8 – Applied CFD
min[s1,s2,,,,sn ]
16
EquiAngle skew
ç ÷
÷
QEAS = max ç
ç , ÷
ç
è180 - qeq qeq
÷
ø
17
EquiAngle skew cont’d
QEAS Quality
FACE8 – Applied CFD
0.25<QEAS≤0.5 Good
0.5<QEAS≤0.75 Fair
0.75<QEAS≤0.9 Poor
QEAS=1.0 Degenerate
18
EquiSize skew
Seq
19
MidAngle skew
QMAS = cos q
▫ Hexahedral:
QMAS = max é
cos
ê q ,cos q ,cos q ù
3ú
ë 1 2
û
20
Stretch
K min(s1,s2,,,,sm )
FACE8 – Applied CFD
QS = 1-
max ( d1,d2,,,,dn )
21
Grid quality parameters
FACE8 – Applied CFD
22
Grid adaption
retained
∙ The initial grid must capture flow features to allow
adaption
∙ The solution must be fairly well converged prior to
adaption
∙ The cell volume gradients may increase
23
Fluent demo
Gambit:
- setup of simple geometry (backward facing step)
- grid generation (mesh seeding)
FACE8 – Applied CFD
Fluent:
- grid import
- setup of physical and numerical models
- solution
- simple visualization of results
- grid adaption
- check of overall balance is fulfilled
24
Hands-on cont’d
symmetry
φ =1
Outflow
FACE8 – Applied CFD
φ =0
symmetry
Outflow
φ =1
φ =0
Outflow
25