By:

Shashank Chauhan
Introduction

 Fiber optics (optical fibers) are

long, thin strands of very pure
glass about the diameter of a
human hair. They are arranged in
bundles called optical cables and
used to transmit light signals over
long distances.
Parts of Optical
Fiber
 Core
 Cladding
 Buffer
Coating
How Does an Optical
Fiber Transmit Light?
Physics of Total
Internal Reflection
 The angle of the light is
always greater than the
critical angle
 Cladding does not
absorb any light from
the core
 The extent that the
signal degrades
depends upon the
purity of the glass and
the wavelength of the
transmitted light
Types of Optical
Fiber
 Single mode fiber

 Multimode fiber

 Step index fibers

 Graded index fibers

Manufacturing
 Making a preform glass cylinder
 Drawing the fibers from the preform
 Testing the fibers
Fiber optic data links
Wavelength Division
Multiplexing
 signals with
different
wavelengths are
combined,
transmitted
together, and
separated again.
Time Division
Multiplexing
 several optical
signals are
combined,
transmitted
together, and
separated again
based on different
arrival times.
Fiber Optic Connectors

 Terminates the
fibers
 Connects to other
fibers or
transmission
equipment
Advantages
 Less expensive
 Thinner
 Higher carrying capacity
 Less signal degradation
 Light signals
 Low power
 Digital signals
 Low power
 Digital signals
 Non-flammable
 Flexible
 Zero Resale Value
Disadvantages
 Fiber optics are that the cables are
expensive to install.
 The termination of a fiber optics cable is
complex and requires special tools.
 They are more fragile than coaxial
cable.
Applications

 Carry plain old telephone service

(POTS, LECs)
 For transmission of data
 Transmitting broadband signals
 Intelligent transportation systems
 In the biomedical industry
 Non-Communication Applications
(sensors etc…)
Transmission windows
 Comparison with electrical OPTICAL
FIBRE

transmission
ELECTRICAL
TRANSMISSION Longer
Distances Low Loss

Higher
Short Wavelength
Low Distance No
Bandwidth High Data Crosstalk
carrying
Low
capacity
Material
Cost
Long Distance
Low Cost of Between
Transmitter &
receiver
Amplifiers &
Repeaters
Cheaper
Some manufacturers of
optical fibers
 Furukawa
 Fujikura
 LG Cables
 Corning
 Philips-Fitel
 Pirelli
 TTL
 Sterlite Cables
Thank you