Theory Practical Testing Aerospace Applications Industrial Applications WeldScan Review of Current Equipment Probe Range Introducing Locator 2
Manufacturers of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Equipment Leaders in the Field of Eddy Current Technology
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Systems
Automated in-line and off-line inspection Aircraft wheel inspection Condenser and heat exchanger tubing
Probes
Wide range of standard and special probes
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Product History
1968 - Amlec for Royal Navy 1970 - Halec 1971 to 1980 - Phasec D4 and D5 1983 - Locator UH for RAF 1984 - Locator UH-B for USAF 1986 - AV10b/AV100 1988 - AutoSigma 2000 1990 - Phasec 1.1/WheelScan 1991 - Phasec 3.4/2.21 1993 - MiniPhasec 1995 - Phasec 2200 1998 - Phasec D62 2000 - Locator 2 for RAF
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Part 1:
Theory
HOCKING eddy current
training programme
Titanium
10 Aluminium Copper 0.4
Steel
0.04
0.1 0.004
Resistance (X) vs. Reactance (Y) Values unique to probe and frequency, but general form is the same.
Probe in Air
Steel
MAGNETIC Titanium
Lift-Off
NON-MAGNETIC
Crack in Aluminium
Aluminium
Increasing conductivity of Test Sample
Copper
Crack in Aluminium
Lift-Off
Aluminium
cracks
Lift-Off
Permeability (relative)
one for Nonferrous, up to hundreds for Ferrous. Higher permeability reduces penetration into metal and gives much larger EC response. Permeability variations may mask defects
Geometry
CRACKS!!!! Curvature, edges, grooves etc. all affect response Generally try and scan along line of constant geometry Thickness relevant if less than depth of penetration.
All of these factors will affect the response: accurate assessment of one requires that the others be held constant or their influence minimised
cracks
wobble
Main Amplifier
Main Amplifier
Part 2:
Practical Testing
HOCKING eddy current
training programme
Overcome by magnetically saturating the tube using a strong DC field. Tubes up to around 170mm diameter Welded tubes tested using sector coils which only test the weld zone.