WHAT IS CELL ?
1665 , Robert Hooke: - first person to study cells. - used microscope to study plant cells. - cell means a small room. - examining pieces of cork under the microscope. All living things animals, plants and humans consist of cells. Cells are tiny microscopic.
CELL
Definition : Basic unit of life. Function : To carry out life processes. Characteristics : 1) very small (1m = 10-6m) 2) tiny 3) different sizes 4) different shapes (round, oblong, square etc)
MICROSCOPE
COARSE FOCUS
Used to move the lens closer to focus Lens you look through to observe specimens. FINE FOCUS on the specimen. The magnification around X10. OBJECTIVE LENS Used to move the objective lens closer to Lens that magnifies the specimen. the specimen in small degrees. The magnification of a microscope can be changed by rotating a different objective lens into place. Magnification is often X4, X10 or x40. hold the slide in place. CLIPS STAGE Controls the amount of light that goes DIAPHRAGM The slide with the through specimen isspecimen. placed. the Reflects light from a light source. MIRROR Stabilities the microscope. BASE
ANOTHER MICROSCOPE
LIGHT MICROSCOPE
ANOTHER MICROSCOPE
LIGHT MICROSCOPE
ANOTHER MICROSCOPE
LIGHT MICROSCOPE
ANOTHER MICROSCOPE
ANOTHER MICROSCOPE
IMAGE FROM ELECTRON MISCROSCOPE
ELECTRON MISCROSCOPE
Lens you look through to observe specimens. The magnification around X10. Used to move the lens closer to focus on the specimen.
Used to move the objective lens closer to the specimen FINE FOCUS KNOB in small degrees. Lens that magnifies the specimen. The magnification of a microscope can be changed by rotating a different objective lens into place. Magnification is often X4, X10 or x40. The slide with the specimen is placed. hold the slide in place. Controls the amount of light that goes through the specimen. Reflects light from a light source. Stabilities the microscope.
OBJECTIVE LENS
STAGE
CLIP DIAPHRAGM MIRROR BASE
PLANT CELL
Cell wall are found only in plant cells. The cell This part of the cell looks like jelly. It wall is made up of cellulose. Its function is to is colorless. This is where support and maintain the shape of the cell. chemical processes take place. Animal cells do not have cell walls. CYTOPLASM
CELL WALL
These are found only in plant cells. They are The nucleus all tiny. They have controls green pigment-chlorophyll -to NUCLEUS CHLOROPLAST Vacuoles are where water and cell activities. absorb sunlight . Sunlight is used in dissolved minerals are stored . process photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the VACUOLE Vacuoles in plant cells arefood big.. In by which plants make CELL CELL This is the thin layer surrounding the cell. The cell some animal cells there are small MEMBRANE membrane controls theanimal movement of not vacuoles . Most cells do substances in andany outvacuoles. of the cell. have
PLANT CELL
CELL WALL CELL MEMBRANE
CYTOPLASM
NUCLUES
VACUOLES
CHLOROPLASTS
7. Draw the structure of a cheek cell that you observe under the microscope. .
8. Identify and label the following structures of the cell : cell membrane, cytoplasm, protoplasm and nucleus.
ANIMAL CELL
This part of the cell looks like jelly. It is colorless. This is where chemical processes take place. The nucleus controls all cell activities.
CYTOPLASM
NUCLEUS
This is the thin layer surrounding the cell. The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
CELL MEMBRANE
ANIMAL CELL
CYTOPLASM NUCLUES
VACUOLES
CELL MEMBRAN
CELL MEMBRANE
CYTOPLASM
This part of the cell looks like jelly. It is colorless. This is where chemical processes take place.
NUCLUES
The nucleus controls all cell activities. Vacuoles are where water and dissolved minerals are stored. Vacuoles in plant cells are big. In some animal cells there are small vacuoles. Most animal cells do not have any vacuoles.
VACUOLES
CHLOROPLASTS
CELL WALL
Cell wall are found only in plant cells. The cell wall is made up of cellulose. Its function is to support and maintain the shape of the cell. Animal cells do not have cell walls.
UNICELLULAR
CHARACTERISTICS OF UNICELLULAR
TINY
MULTICELLULAR
CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTICELLULAR
SPIROGYRA
Consists many cells joined together. Forms long filaments or threads. Cell in the filaments are SAME size and shape.
MUCOR
HYDRA
Really?
There are more than 200 different types of cells in the human body. These cells have different shapes and have different structures to carry out different functions.
Nerve Cell
Function :
To send information because it have a fibers
Muscle Cell
Function :
Enable movement of body part
ORGANISATION CELL
From Cell To Tissue
A few different types of tissues from an organ. An organ carries out a SPECIFIC LIFE PROCESS. Example : Heart made up of muscular tissue, nervous tissue and connecting tissue. - pumps blood to all parts of body. Another example : lungs, stomach, intestines, liver, kidneys, skin, reproductive organ.
ORGANISATION CELL
From Organ To System
A few organs form a system. A system carries out a function. System ensure that our bodies function normally.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Function : Digests different classes of food so that the nutrients can be absorbed easily by the body
ORGANISATION CELL
BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Function : Transports oxygen and food to all parts of the body. Transports excretory products