DC CIRCUITS ANALYSIS

DEFINITION OF TERMS
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT: A closed Path consisting of active and passive elements interconnected and current flow is confined to the closed path. Active Elements supply energy(e.g. battery) Passive Element consumes the energy(e.g. resistor) Movement Of Electrons: Electrons have certain potential energy They move from one energy level(a point of high energy) to anther energy level(a point of low energy level) Point of high energy level(high potential) is designated by a positive sign (+)

DC CIRCUITS ANALYSIS
Point of Low energy(low potential) is designated by negative sign (-) CURRENT: The rate of flow of electric charge Conditions for the flow of current There must be a: Complete closed circuit Driving force(an influence i.e. emf) ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE(EMF): That which tends to produce an electric current in a circuit (Its unit is volt) ELECTRIC POTENTIAL: The amount of work done per unit charge between two points(Capacity of a charge to do work)

DC CIRCUITS ANALYSIS
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE(pd): Difference in the potential of two bodies or The energy transferred due to the passage of a unit charge between two points in an electric circuit RESISTANCE: Opposition to the flow of current Resistance of a conductor mainly depends upon Length Area Nature of the material R l/A R = l/A

DC CIRCUITS ANALYSIS
OHMS LAW: The p.d across the ends of a conductor is proportional to the current flowing through it provided the physical conditions(temperature, pressure etc) remain constant VI V = IR

SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel Series parallel Circuits

RESISTORS IN SERIES
When resistors are connected in series, different P.ds develop across them the same current flows through them

RESISTORS IN PARALLEL
When resistors are connected in parallel, different current flows through them the same p.d develops across them

SERIES PARALLEL CIRCUITS

VOLTAGE AND CURRENT DIVISION PRINCIPLE

VOLTAGE DIVISION PRINCIPLE

CURRENT DIVISION PRINCIPLE

KIRCHOFFS LAWS
1. KIRCHOFFS CURRENT LAW 2. KIRCHOFFS VOLTAGE LAW

KIRCHOFFS CURRENT LAW

States that at any instant the algebraic sum of current at a junction in network is zero OR The sum of all currents entering a node equals the sum of currents leaving the node at any instant of time.

KIRCHOFFS VOLTAGE LAW

States that at any instant the algebraic sum of emfs and the pds in a closed network is zero OR The sum of the emfs in any closed loop is equal to the sum of the potential drops in that loop

APPLICATION OF KIRCHOFFS LAWS

Mesh(Loop) Analysis Nodal Analysis We shall consider only the loop analysis. Examples.

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