Ben Cao Gang Mu - Compendium of Materia Medica: 1,892 entries and 10,000 prescriptions
(11th century) - First vaccination for smallpox. (17-19th century) - First ideas of epidemic pathogens: Entry via nose and mouth 20-21st century - Influence of western medicine, Combination of the two medicines.
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Balance
Yin Yang / Wu Xing (Five Phases) Homeostasis
Yin Yang
Yi Jing Book of Changes Character meaning Yin Radical is about mound or hill, root describe the side facing away from the sun and mist.
Yang - Radical is about mound or hill, root describe the side facing toward the sun.
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Yin Yang
Yin cold, weak, restricted, dark, visible, heavy, turbid, downward, inward.
Yang hot, excited, moving, strong, bright, invisible, light, clear, upward, outward.
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Yin Yang
Xing = Phases
Denotes movement of energies
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WOOD
EARTH
WATER
METAL
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Viscera
Wood Liver
Bowels
Gall Bladder
Fire
Earth Metal Water
Heart
Spleen Lung Kidney
Small Intestine
Stomach Large Intestine Urinary Bladder
Tongue
Mouth Nose Ear
Summer
Long Summer Autumn Winter
Joy
Concern Grief Fear
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Categorizes and unifies different parts of the body Spans different systems in Western anatomy Need clarification during interpretation &
translation
Example: Liver Qi stagnation
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Qi
Qi Energy
Different types with different functions Derive from two major sources:
Food (Gu) and Fresh Air (Qing)
Nutrient & oxygen metabolism
and transformation.
Example: Peristalsis
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Meridians
What is Acupuncture?
Many studies in animals and humans have demonstrated that acupuncture can cause multiple biological responses mediated mainly by sensory neurons to many structures within the central nervous system. This can lead to activation of pathways affecting various physiological systems in the brain as well as in the periphery... Considerable evidence supports the claim that opioid peptides are released during acupuncture and that the analgesic effects of acupuncture are at least partially explained by their actions. That opioid antagonists such as naloxone reverse the analgesic effects of acupuncture further strengthens this hypothesis. Stimulation by acupuncture may also activate the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, resulting in a broad spectrum of systemic effects. Alteration in the secretion of neurotransmitters and neurohormones and changes in the regulation of blood flow, both centrally and peripherally, have been documented. There is also evidence of alterations in immune functions produced by acupuncture. Which of these and other physiological changes mediate clinical effects is at present unclear.
18 Acupuncture. NIH Consensus Statement Online 1997 Nov 3-5; month, day]; 15(5):1-34.
The acupuncture points or biological active points (BAP), also known as low-resistance spots or good electro-permeable points, have relative lower electric resistance than the surrounding tissues This preliminary study presented here shows there exists a bilateral symmetry of the skin resistance of the corresponding BAPs from the left and the right hands of all chosen subjects over a range of measuring pressure. .
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2004;4:2995-8
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Imbalance
Yuan Qi deficiency
Yuan: primary, original, core
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Cold
Heat Dampness Dryness Fire
Viscera
Wood Fire Earth Metal Water Liver Heart Spleen Lung Kidney
Bowels
Gall Bladder Small Intestine Stomach Large Intestine
Sense Organs
Eyes Tongue Mouth Nose
Seasons
Spring Summer Long Summer Autumn Winter
Emotions
Anger Joy Concern Grief Fear
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Viewing
Smelling / Listening
Questioning
Palpating (pulse)
9 position on each hand Rate and Quality
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Treatment Methods
Herbs
1-3 herbs for each imbalance
Cooking methods very important Pre-add, post add, different forms Toxic effects of herbs add other herbs to moderate
Licorice (Gan Cao)
Ginger (Sheng Jiang) long cooking
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Treatment Methods
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Qi
Qi Energy
Different types with different functions Derive from two major sources:
Food (Gu) and Fresh Air (Qing)
Nutrient & oxygen metabolism
and transformation.
Example: Peristalsis
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Ayurved a
Carli Hill
Objectives
Introduction to Ayurveda
Tridosha theory Reported benefits Reasons for caution Current Research
Conclusions
Introduction to Ayurveda
Comprehensive system that places equal emphasis on the body, mind and spirit, and it strives to restore the innate harmony of the individual
Ayurveda is the combination of two Sanskrit words
ayu meaning long life ved meaning knowledge Knowledge or science of life
Practiced in India for over 5000 years Covers all medical fields
Reported Benefits
Caution
Herbal/metal/mineral Ayurvedic treatments
Safety dependent on following a complex procedure Many include heavy metals such as mercury, lead, and arsenic 1 in 5 herbal products produced in South Asia have toxic levels Reports of lead poisoning
A biostatistical approach to Ayurveda: quantifying the Tridosha. Joshi R. J Altern Comp Med. 2004;10;5;879-889.